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Females typically outlive males in animals, especially in species that provide long-term maternal care. However, life history theory predicts that investments in reproduction, such as lactation and offspring nursing, often shorten caretakers' longevity. Aiming to interpret this paradox, we selected the lactating jumping spider to investigate the effects of reproductive activities on longevity for two sexes. We found that: (1) although "milk" provisioning reduces female's longevity, mothers who cared for offspring (provisioned "milk" and nursing) lived the longest compared to virgins and those did not provide care; (2) copulation increased female's longevity but had no effects on males; and (3) the two sexes have comparable developmental duration, but the female adult's longevity was 2.1 times that of male's. This study suggests that the time requirement for offspring dispersal might act as a key selective force favoring females' adulthood extension, which ultimately generates the longer-lived females in maternal cared species.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110098 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Epidemiol
September 2025
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
A more comprehensive understanding of the causal relationships between body mass index (BMI) and sick leave is needed. We aimed to examine the effect of BMI on the risk of cause-specific and all-cause long-term sick leave using an instrumental variable approach. The study included 21,918 adults participating in the two latest surveys of the population-based HUNT Study (HUNT3, 2006-2008 and HUNT4, 2017-2019) linked with registry data on cause-specific sick leave, including musculoskeletal and mental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
September 2025
Hypertension Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
The effects of diet and nutrition extend beyond individual health: food intake before conception or during pregnancy and lactation can affect the health of offspring. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of the gut microbiome, influencing gene-environment interactions, with several emerging mechanisms pointing to the microbiome-metabolite-epigenome axis. In this Review, we discuss the effect of dietary changes on the gametes ('gut-germline axis') or in utero ('gut-neonatal axis') that may change the predisposition of offspring to several non-communicable diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlia
September 2025
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
A large wave of myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals occurs during postnatal development, coinciding with the lactation period. High prolactin (PRL) levels are present in maternal milk; however, the role of milk PRL in lactating offspring remains under-investigated. This study explores whether PRL influences myelination during postnatal development in lactating and prepubertal mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Radiol Prot
September 2025
National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland, UNITED STATES.
Exposure to radioactive iodine (radioiodine) during pregnancy and lactation poses unique risks to both mothers and their offspring due to altered iodine metabolism and heightened radiosensitivity. Existing biokinetic models, such as those developed by Berkovski, have provided a foundation for understanding iodine kinetics in these physiological states but lack integration with the latest International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference model for non-pregnant adults. In this study, we developed integrated biokinetic models for pregnancy and lactation that are structurally consistent with the ICRP Publication 137 adult iodine model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Stroke J
September 2025
Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Introduction: Poor-quality diets promote ischemic stroke. Red blood cell fatty acids (RBC-FAs) are objective, long-term biomarkers of diet. In a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Spain, we developed a blood-based lipidomic fat quality (LFQ) score considering pre-defined RBC-FA diet-related biomarkers, and examined whether LFQ score relates to the risk of ischemic stroke.
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