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Digital reconstruction has been instrumental in deciphering how in vitro neuron architecture shapes information flow. Emerging approaches reconstruct neural systems as networks with the aim of understanding their organization through graph theory. Computational tools dedicated to this objective build models of nodes and edges based on key cellular features such as somata, axons, and dendrites. Fully automatic implementations of these tools are readily available, but they may also be purpose-built from specialized algorithms in the form of multi-step pipelines. Here we review software tools informing the construction of network models, spanning from noise reduction and segmentation to full network reconstruction. The scope and core specifications of each tool are explicitly defined to assist bench scientists in selecting the most suitable option for their microscopy dataset. Existing tools provide a foundation for complete network reconstruction, however more progress is needed in establishing morphological bases for directed/weighted connectivity and in software validation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06264-9 | DOI Listing |
FEBS Lett
September 2025
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
Neuronal insulin signaling is essential for regulating glucose metabolism and cognitive functions in the brain. Disruptions cause neuronal insulin resistance, potentially causing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, we investigated alternative pathways that maintain glucose homeostasis beyond traditional insulin signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotoxicology
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China. Electronic address:
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used in systemic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can be employed in otology to evaluate endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Ménière's disease. Given the heavy metal properties of gadolinium and its tendency to deposit in tissues, it is essential to assess its ototoxic risk. We evaluated the ototoxicity of gadodiamide using in vitro and in vivo models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofabrication
September 2025
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Prague, Prague, 162 06, CZECH REPUBLIC.
Extensive peripheral nerve injuries often lead to the loss of neurological function due to slow regeneration and limited recovery over large gaps. Current clinical interventions, such as nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), face challenges in creating biomimetic microenvironments that effectively support nerve repair. The developed GrooveNeuroTube is composed of hyaluronic acid methacrylate and gelatin methacrylate hydrogel, incorporating active agents (growth factors and antibacterial agents) encapsulated within an NGC conduit made of 3D-printed PCL grid fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biodivers
September 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China.
20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 can reduce the effects of oxidative stress and cell death in cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Neuroinflammation is crucial post-CIRI, but how 20(R)-Rg3 affects ischemia‒reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation is unclear. To study 20(R)-Rg3's effects on neuroinflammation and neuronal preservation in stroke models and explore toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) pathway mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Although glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are important in seizure generation, the contribution of non-synaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms to synchronization of seizure-prone hippocampal neurons remains unclear. Here, we developed a physiologically relevant model to study these mechanisms by inducing prolonged seizure-like discharges (SLDs) in hippocampal slices from male rats through modest, sustained ionic manipulations. Specifically, we reduced extracellular calcium to 0.
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