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Echo chambers, i.e. clusters of users exposed to news and opinions in line with their previous beliefs, were observed in many online debates on social platforms. We propose a completely unbiased entropy-based method for detecting echo chambers. The method is completely agnostic to the nature of the data. In the Italian Twitter debate about the Covid-19 vaccination, we find a limited presence of users in echo chambers (about 0.35% of all users). Nevertheless, their impact on the formation of a common discourse is strong, as users in echo chambers are responsible for nearly a third of the retweets in the original dataset. Moreover, in the case study observed, echo chambers appear to be a receptacle for disinformative content.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae177 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
August 2025
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Dislodgement of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) leads following implantation ideally should not be missed. However, more often than not, patients do not undergo post-operative imaging following these procedures due to a lack of evidence behind the role of imaging following uncomplicated pacemaker (PPM) implantation procedures, based on the most recent guidelines This is a case report of a dual-chamber pacemaker (DC-PPM) right ventricular (RV) lead that was found dislodged and coiled in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) as an incidental finding via a routine transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) study two years after implantation. We intend to shed light on the significance of timely detection of lead-related complications, as they can result in poor outcomes for patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for assessing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Artificial intelligence (AI) - based echocardiographic analysis is increasingly utilized in clinical practice.
Objectives: This study compares measurements of LVEF between echocardiography (ECHO) assessed by experts and automated AI, in comparison to CMR as the reference standard.
Contrast-enhanced echocardiography (CE-echo) is commonly used in adult patients to optimize endocardial border delineation (EBD) but there is limited experience in children. A prospective, open-label, non-randomized, multicenter study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Optison for CE-echo in pediatric patients and determine the optimal dose of Optison. Subjects ≥ 9 and < 18 years with suboptimal echocardiograms (defined as ≥ 2 contiguous segments that could not be adequately visualized) were enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn tests with virtual social media users, echo chambers and extreme voices always emerged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Infodemiology
August 2025
Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Room 5086, Creative Media Center, Hong Kong, China, 852 34428691.
Background: Prevalence and spread of misinformation are a concern for the exacerbation of vaccine hesitancy and a resulting reduction in vaccine intent. However, few studies have focused on how vaccine misinformation diffuses online, who is responsible for the diffusion, and the mechanisms by which that happens. In addition, researchers have rarely investigated this in non-Western contexts particularly vulnerable to misinformation.
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