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The interactions and collective impacts of different types of hazards within a compound hazard system, along with the influence of geographical covariates on flooding are presently unclear. Understanding these relationships is crucial for comprehending the formation and dynamic processes of the hazard chain and improving the ability to identify flood warning signals in complex hazard scenarios. In this study, we presented a multivariate spatial extreme value hierarchical (MSEVH) framework to assess the spatial extreme water levels (EWL) at different return levels under the influence of a hazard chain and geographical covariates. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) was selected as a research example to assess the effectiveness of the MSEVH framework. Firstly, we identified a hazard chain (extreme streamflow from the Xijiang River (XR) - extreme streamflow from the Beijiang River (BR) - extreme sea level) and three geographical covariates influencing EWL in the PRD. Then, we compared four hazard scenarios in the MSEVH framework to evaluate the spatial EWL at different return levels under the influence of the hazard chain in the PRD. The final step involves assessing spatial EWL with the effect of the hazard chain and geographical covariates. The results indicate that when extreme streamflow from XR and BR occurs concurrently, the extreme streamflow from BR weakens the influence of extreme streamflow from XR on EWL in the PRD. However, it cannot fully offset the overall impact of extreme streamflow from XR on EWL. In addition, when extreme streamflow from XR, extreme streamflow from BR, and extreme sea level occur simultaneously, the extreme sea level enhances the influence of concurrent extreme streamflow from XR and BR on EWL in the PRD. The proposed MSEVH is not only applicable to the PRD but also shows promising potential for evaluating extreme hydrometeorological variables under the influence of other hazard chains.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172066 | DOI Listing |
Water Res
August 2025
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain. Electronic address:
Rivers provide ecosystem services, such as water purification and drinking water supply, which depend on the river's capacity to dilute effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There are no large-scale analyses of the dilution capacity of rivers that take into account the differences between perennial and non-perennial river reaches, even though more than half of the world's river and stream reaches are estimated to be non-perennial. We evaluated the actual and future capacity of perennial and non-perennial river reaches in Europe to dilute WWTP effluents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2025
Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Department of Civil & Envr. Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Seasonal streamflow forecasts are essential given climate-driven extremes that breach stationarity in traditional methods. The complex hydrology and competing demands necessitate improved forecasting in the Upper Feather River Basin (UFRB), a key California State Water Project source upstream of Oroville Dam. We introduce a hybrid framework combining dynamical downscaling via WRF and the WEHY-HCM snow-hydrology model with a lead-time-dependent exponential-smoothing filter that adaptively corrects bias and quantifies uncertainty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
July 2025
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
The Upper Meghna Basin (UMB), a critical large transboundary highly responsive catchment shared between Bangladesh and India, is facing escalating hydro-climatic extremes under climate change, impacting millions of livelihoods. This study innovatively assesses the future changes with monthly, seasonal, and annual matrices of near and far future rainfall, temperature, high flows, and low flows including flood frequencies, shifting patterns, and probability of exceedances using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), for the very first time, forced by bias-corrected CMIP6 projections of two unique SSP2-4.5 and SSP3-7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
July 2025
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India.
Climate-induced extreme events significantly impact river basin hydrology. Region-specific strategies are required to address the spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature patterns. This study develops a framework to identify vulnerable hotspots within the Godavari River Basin (GRB) by analyzing climate-induced changes in hydrological (streamflow and groundwater) and agricultural (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and crop yield) variables.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
CREA Research Centre for Agricultural Policies and Bioeconomy, Rome, Italy.
Sustainable land management in Mediterranean agroecosystems is crucial for preserving soil health, optimizing water use efficiency, and ensuring crop productivity under increasing climate extremes and prolonged drought periods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of agricultural management practices (AMPs) in mitigating soil erosion and improving water dynamics in the Cervaro river basin, a key grain-producing region in southern Italy. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) was applied to assess the impacts of four AMPs - including no-till farming, filter strips, crop rotation, and grassed waterways - on soil conservation and hydrological processes.
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