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In September 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months to prevent COVID-19, including severe disease. As with past COVID-19 vaccines, additional doses may be considered for persons with immunocompromising conditions, who are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 and might have decreased response to vaccination. In this analysis, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was evaluated during September 2023-February 2024 using data from the VISION VE network. Among adults aged ≥18 years with immunocompromising conditions, VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 38% in the 7-59 days after receipt of an updated vaccine dose and 34% in the 60-119 days after receipt of an updated dose. Few persons (18%) in this high-risk study population had received updated COVID-19 vaccine. All persons aged ≥6 months should receive updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination; persons with immunocompromising conditions may get additional updated COVID-19 vaccine doses ≥2 months after the last recommended COVID-19 vaccine.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7312a5 | DOI Listing |
mBio
September 2025
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens are responsible for an enormous worldwide disease burden that critically affects the young and immunocompromised. is a gram-negative enteric pathogen closely related to the plague agent that colonizes intestinal tissues, induces the formation of pyogranulomas along the intestinal tract, and disseminates to systemic organs following oral infection of experimental rodents. Prior studies proposed that systemic tissues were colonized by a pool of intestinal replicating bacteria distinct from populations within Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative malignancy associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV/AIDS. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, KS remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, especially when diagnosis or treatment is delayed. Ocular involvement, although rare, can lead to significant functional impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
September 2025
Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Background: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV), affecting immunocompromised individuals. We describe PML demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics and survival over time and according to underlying condition in a large retrospective patient cohort.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort including Italian PML patients observed between 1987 and 2024, with known year of diagnosis and underlying disease.
Medicine (Baltimore)
September 2025
Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, Jilin Province, China.
Rationale: Nocardia spp. are opportunistic pathogens that invade the human body via respiratory inhalation or direct skin wounds. Spinal nocardial osteomyelitis is a rare disease with only a few cases reported to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTravel Med Infect Dis
September 2025
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. London, UK; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Disease phenotypes are heterogenous, and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Treatment is often challenging, and international guidelines recommend consultation with experts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF