Thermal stress coupling mechanism during nanosecond impulse delay for the synergistic study of continuous-nanosecond combined laser removal of the rubber layer on a concrete surface.

Based on the principle of laser ablation and elastic vibration effect, a model of continuous nanosecond combined laser removal of rubber marks on a concrete surface was established. The model can explain the evolution of temperature, stress, and removal depth on time and laser energy density during laser cleaning. The results show that the theoretical adsorption force between the rubber layer and the concrete base is approximately 3.88×10 . The continuous laser cleaning threshold is 561.31/ . In the combined laser, the continuous laser is 534.41/ , and the nanosecond laser is 0.35/ . As the delay time between the 2 ns laser beams increases, the maximum peak in the temperature curve gradually decreases. The optimal cleaning delay was obtained as =0.65. The peak temperature at the characteristic position (0 µm, 0 µm) is 592.13 K, which is lower than the vaporization temperature of the rubber layer. The thermal stress values generated at this characteristic position exceed the adsorption stress values, indicating that the elastic removal mechanism is the main removal mechanism at the junction between the rubber layer and the concrete substrate.