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Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) was first commercialized by DuPont in 1974. Its unique chemical structure gives it high heat resistance, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. But also due to these properties, it is difficult to prepare a membrane from it by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. However, it can be prepared as a microfiltration membrane using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method at certain temperatures and with the selection of suitable solvents, and the use of green solvents is receiving increasing attention from researchers. The surface wettability of ECTFE membranes usually needs to be modified before use to strengthen its performance to meet the application requirements, usually by graft modification and surface oxidation techniques. This paper provides an overview of the structure of ECTFE and its preparation and modification methods, as well as recent advances in its application areas and prospects for the future methods of preparing high-performance ECTFE membranes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14020042 | DOI Listing |
Drugs Aging
September 2025
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, V1 06, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Background And Objectives: Older adults living with dementia are a heterogeneous group, which can make studying optimal medication management challenging. Unsupervised machine learning is a group of computing methods that rely on unlabeled data-that is, where the algorithm itself is discovering patterns without the need for researchers to label the data with a known outcome. These methods may help us to better understand complex prescribing patterns in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJPRAS Open
December 2025
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojimahondori Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Long-term follow-up is essential for assessing the efficacy of surgical methods in pediatric patients. However, cohort dropouts tend to increase over time. These losses to follow-up make it difficult to obtain reliable and convincing results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
Midwifery Department, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical, life-saving intervention. In pregnant women, unique anatomical and physiological changes require adaptations to standard CPR protocols to ensure optimal outcomes for both mother and fetus, emphasizing the need for universal awareness and standardized training across diverse healthcare systems globally. Despite the high-risk nature of maternal cardiac arrest, evidence suggests that many healthcare professionals may not be adequately prepared to respond effectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Türkiye.
A novel phthalonitrile derivative (a) containing three functional groups (hexyl, aminated ester, phenoxy) was synthesized and subsequently cyclotetramerized in the presence of the corresponding metal chloride salts to obtain hexadeca-substituted metal {M = Cu(II) and Co(II)} phthalocyanines (b and c). The water-soluble phthalocyanines (d and e) were prepared by treating the newly synthesized complexes (b and c) with methyl iodide. Moreover, gold nanoparticles (1) and silver nanoparticles (2) were prepared, and their surfaces were modified with quaternary phthalocyanines (d and e).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
September 2025
The Tampa Human Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Sensory areas exhibit modular selectivity to stimuli, but they can also respond to features outside of their basic modality. Several studies have shown cross-modal plastic modifications between visual and auditory cortices; however, the exact mechanisms of these modifications are yet not completely known. To this aim, we investigated the effect of 12 min of visual versus sound adaptation (referring to forceful application of an optimal/nonoptimal stimulus to a neuron[s] under observation) on the infragranular and supragranular primary visual neurons (V1) of the cat (Felis catus).
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