APOL1-mediated and Mendelian forms of "heretofore" idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy: lessons from Brazil.

APOL1-mediated kidney diseases have forever changed nephrology and kidney transplantation. Neves et al. extend this field with analyses in admixed Brazilians with the most severe type of APOL1-mediated kidney disease, idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy. Causative gene variants were detected in 58.6% of patients; 80.5% had APOL1 high-risk genotypes, and 19.5% had causative Mendelian variants. Their work identifies the cause of previous idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy and provides opportunities to identify novel modifiers in severe APOL1-mediated kidney diseases that are relevant beyond Brazil.