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Gas exchange measurements enable mechanistic insights into the processes that underpin carbon and water fluxes in plant leaves which in turn inform understanding of related processes at a range of scales from individual cells to entire ecosytems. Given the importance of photosynthesis for the global climate discussion it is important to (a) foster a basic understanding of the fundamental principles underpinning the experimental methods used by the broad community, and (b) ensure best practice and correct data interpretation within the research community. In this review, we outline the biochemical and biophysical parameters of photosynthesis that can be investigated with gas exchange measurements and we provide step-by-step guidance on how to reliably measure them. We advise on best practices for using gas exchange equipment and highlight potential pitfalls in experimental design and data interpretation. The Supporting Information contains exemplary data sets, experimental protocols and data-modelling routines. This review is a community effort to equip both the experimental researcher and the data modeller with a solid understanding of the theoretical basis of gas-exchange measurements, the rationale behind different experimental protocols and the approaches to data interpretation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.14815 | DOI Listing |
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
May 2025
Department of Pathology, First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000.
Objectives: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute respiratory failure syndrome characterized by impaired gas exchange. Due to the lack of effective targeted drugs, it is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. (TW) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in the treatment of various diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol
September 2025
Institue for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA.
Some patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have demonstrated evidence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH). However, EIAH was not quantified using , , and measurements as previously conducted in healthy adults nor was EIAH quantified alongside simultaneous measurements of pulmonary vascular pressures, cardiorespiratory responses, or dyspnoea on exertion (DOE) in these patients. Given the effects of hypoxaemia on pulmonary vasoconstriction, cardiorespiratory responses, and DOE, we tested the hypothesis that patients with HFpEF and EIAH (EIAH) would demonstrate higher pulmonary vascular pressures, worse oxygen uptake, and greater DOE compared with patients without EIAH (EIAH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
September 2025
Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Biology of Adversity Project, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Elect
The neural control of breathing is both dynamic and essential, ensuring life-sustaining gas exchange while protecting the respiratory system from harm. Peripheral neurons innervating the respiratory tract exhibit remarkable diversity, continuously relaying sensory feedback to the brain to regulate breathing, trigger protective reflexes such as coughing and sickness behaviors, and even influence emotional states. Understanding this airway-brain axis is especially critical given the increasing global burden of respiratory diseases, as it holds implications for both human health and broader brain-body interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Signal Behav
December 2025
Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, University of Inland Norway, Elverum, Norway.
Soil contamination with salinity and heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria PGPR and organic agents such as salicylic acid (SA) are considered major protectants to alleviate abiotic stresses, the study of these bacteria and organic acids to ameliorate the toxic effects of salinity and Cd remains limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of PGPR and SA on enhancing the phytoremediation of salinity (100 mM NaCl) and Cd (50 µM CdCl₂) using rice ( L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RX, UK.
Porous metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) have strong covalent and coordinate bonds that define the intrinsic pore of the cage. The intermolecular interactions between cages tend to be weaker, such that they rearrange during the solvent exchange process preceding gas sorption measurements. The reduction in crystal size that this often causes limits the availability of structural data that could enable understanding of observed gas uptake.
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