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Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are various groups of conditions that result in immune system disorders and increased cancer risk. Despite the identification of causative cytokines and pathways, current clinical treatment for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases is limited. In addition, immune-mediated inflammatory disease treatment can increase the risk of cancer. Several previous studies have demonstrated that Toxoplasma gondii manipulates the immune response by inhibiting or stimulating cytokines, suggesting the potential for controlling and maintaining a balanced immune system. Additionally, T. gondii also has the unique characteristic of being a so-called "Trojan horse" bacterium that can be used as a drug delivery system to treat regions that have been resistant to previous drug delivery therapies. In this study, we reviewed the potential of T. gondii in drug development and as a delivery system through current research on inflammation-regulating mechanisms in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-024-01165-7 | DOI Listing |
JACC Heart Fail
September 2025
Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address:
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol
September 2025
Clalit Health Services, Northern Region, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease with a recognized, but incompletely defined, association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The long-term risk of developing IBD in AIH patients and its influence on hepatic outcomes remain unclear.
Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors for IBD in a large AIH cohort over a 20-year follow-up and to assess its impact on liver-related complications.
Front Vet Sci
August 2025
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Emerging diseases in wildlife pose significant diagnostic challenges, with increasing evidence that not all cases of inflammatory disease can be directly attributed to infectious pathogens. This case series shows the results of clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and necropsy results of two foxes, a silver fox () and a polar fox (), with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. Extensive diagnostics, including pathogen screening and next-generation sequencing, failed to identify a definitive causative infectious agent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
August 2025
Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Second People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
Novel therapeutic approaches on molecular pathways are being developed to treat inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous dermatoses. Apremilast is an orally administered small-molecule phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that upregulates intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels to mediate a large array of proinflammatory cytokines as well as exerts its anti-inflammatory functions and therapeutic efficacy in skin diseases rather than an immunosuppressive mode of action. Early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated its favorable efficacy such that the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved its use for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behçet's syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase Reports Immunol
August 2025
General Hospital Dr. César Cals, Avenida do Imperador, 545, Centro, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare, progressive, and immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that primarily affects middle-aged men and is more prevalent in Asian populations. Although extensively studied, its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This case report describes a 44-year-old male presenting with multiple abscesses and progressive inflammatory symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with IgG4-RD with musculoskeletal involvement.
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