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Environmental concentration effects of imidacloprid on the renal system of Xenopus laevis: Multifaceted insights from histopathology to molecular biology.
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Given the widespread presence of imidacloprid in aquatic environments and the limited research on its impact on amphibian renal health, in this study, we investigated the effects of this commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide on kidney function and molecular mechanisms in Xenopus laevis. Employing a 28-day exposure model, histopathological changes and enzymatic responses induced by two concentrations of imidacloprid were examined, along with gene expression alterations and metabolic disruptions at environmentally relevant levels. The results highlighted significant renal histopathological damage and changes in key enzymes involved in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and acetylcholinesterase.
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