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Despite achieving high rates of complete remission with RCHOP immuno-chemotherapy, almost all patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) will experience multiple relapses after treatment. The lack of experimental model of FL limits our understanding of heterogeneity in treatment response. Here we characterized a new model of FL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in avian embryos. Based on 20 biopsies, we observed that tumor volume reduction upon RCHOP treatment predicted progression free survival in multivariate analysis. To further explore the model, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and discovered a signature of 21 genes upregulated after RCHOP exposure, with significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Among these genes, we functionally validated as a critical effector of RCHOP which can be targeted with venetoclax and . Overall, the FL-AVI-PDX model is a platform for functional precision oncology in FL, which captures both interpatient and intratumoral heterogeneity, and opens an avenue for drug development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41375-024-02150-9 | DOI Listing |
Stroke
September 2025
Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.
Background: Risk stratification in posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) is challenging. Although the Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Outcome Score (PCISOS) was developed to address this, its utility in minor PCIS and in identifying homogeneous populations for clinical trials or treatment-responsive subgroups remains uncertain.
Methods: CHANCE-2 (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events-II) was a multicenter, randomized trial that enrolled patients with minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles.
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, USA.
Background: Invasive central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is rare among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients due to preserved neutrophil function, despite significant CD4+ T-cell depletion. Diagnosis typically requires histopathologic confirmation, but polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing has introduced new challenges due to its high sensitivity but limited specificity.
Case Presentation: We describe a newly diagnosed 43-year-old HIV-positive male with concurrent Hodgkin lymphoma who presented with progressive neurological decline and a ring-enhancing brain lesion.
Front Immunol
September 2025
Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has emerged as a promising and innovative cancer treatment strategy that harnesses engineered viruses to selectively infect, replicate within, and destroys malignant cells while sparing healthy tissues. Beyond direct oncolysis, oncolytic viruses (OVs) exploit tumor-specific metabolic, antiviral, and immunological vulnerabilities to reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiate systemic antitumor immunity. Despite promising results from preclinical and clinical studies, several barriers, including inefficient intratumoral virus delivery, immune clearance, and tumor heterogeneity, continue to limit the therapeutic advantages of OVT as a standalone modality and hindered its clinical success.
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September 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis, molecular heterogeneity, and therapy resistance. Key biomarkers such as EGFR, ALK, KRAS, and PD-1 have revolutionized precision oncology; however, comprehensive structural and clinical validation of these targets is crucial to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Methods: Protein sequences for EGFR, ALK, KRAS, and PD-1 were retrieved from UniProt and modeled using SWISS-MODEL to generate high-confidence 3D structures.
Front Immunol
September 2025
Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), and despite progress in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies, their prognosis remains poor. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality in cancer therapy. However, the inevitable immune evasion by tumor cells is a key barrier affecting therapeutic efficacy.
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