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The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional, empirically based diagnostic system developed to overcome the serious limitations of traditional categories. We review the mounting evidence on its convergent and discriminant validity, with an incursion into the less-studied ICD-11 system. In the literature, the AMPD's Pathological Trait Model (Criterion B) shows excellent convergence with normal personality traits, and it could be useful as an organizing framework for mental disorders. In contrast, Personality Functioning (Criterion A) cannot be distinguished from personality traits, lacks both discriminant and incremental validity, and has a shaky theoretical background. We offer some suggestions with a view to the future. These include removing Criterion A, using the real-life consequences of traits as indicators of severity, delving into the dynamic mechanisms underlying traits, and furthering the integration of currently disengaged psychological paradigms that can shape a sounder clinical science.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-010709 | DOI Listing |
JAMA
September 2025
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
Cereb Cortex
August 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Semantic composition allows us to construct complex meanings (e.g., "dog house", "house dog") from simpler constituents ("dog", "house").
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoeconomics
September 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically beneficial but associated with high costs that represent a growing challenge for healthcare budgets and may affect affordability, especially in resource-limited settings. Moreover, the healthcare sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and medication-related waste-such as that from vial-based therapies-has been identified as a contributing factor. Alternative dosing strategies could reduce the environmental and financial impact of ICI therapy while maintaining clinical safety and efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Divers
September 2025
Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
Drug absorption significantly influences pharmacokinetics. Accurately predicting human oral bioavailability (HOB) is essential for optimizing drug candidates and improving clinical success rates. The traditional method based on experiment is a common way to obtain HOB, but the experimental method is time-consuming and costly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLasers Med Sci
September 2025
Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Microbial contamination of absorbable collagen membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) may compromise healing outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hydrogen peroxide (HO) can improve the antibacterial effect of indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on absorbable collagen membranes while reducing the need for high HO concentrations. A laboratory-based model was developed using Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus aureus.
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