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Pigs can be an important model for preclinical biological research, including neurological diseases such as Alcohol Use Disorder. Such research often involves longitudinal assessment of changes in motor coordination as the disease or disorder progresses. Current motor coordination tests in pigs are derived from behavioral assessments in rodents and lack critical aspects of face and construct validity. While such tests may permit for the comparison of experimental results to rodents, a lack of validation studies of such tests in the pig itself may preclude the drawing of meaningful conclusions. Here, we present a novel, optimized, and reliable horizontal ladder test (HLT) test protocol for evaluating motor coordination in pigs and an initial validation of its construct validity using voluntary alcohol consumption as an experimental manipulation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.13.571517 | DOI Listing |
Neurochem Res
September 2025
Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by impairments in motor control following the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Environmental pesticides such as Paraquat (PQ) and Maneb (MB) contribute to the onset of PD by inducing oxidative stress (OS). This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of moderate physical activity (PA) on both motor and non-motor symptoms in a Wistar rat model of Paraquat and Maneb (PQ/MB) induced PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cybern
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, IL, USA.
In this article, a biophysically realistic model of a soft octopus arm with internal musculature is presented. The modeling is motivated by experimental observations of sensorimotor control where an arm localizes and reaches a target. Major contributions of this article are: (i) development of models to capture the mechanical properties of arm musculature, the electrical properties of the arm peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the coupling of PNS with muscular contractions; (ii) modeling the arm sensory system, including chemosensing and proprioception; and (iii) algorithms for sensorimotor control, which include a novel feedback neural motor control law for mimicking target-oriented arm reaching motions, and a novel consensus algorithm for solving sensing problems such as locating a food source from local chemical sensory information (exogenous) and arm deformation information (endogenous).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Pelvic visceromotor functions such as micturition are regulated by coordinated autonomic and somatic motor pathways from the central nervous system. The parasympathetic system induces detrusor muscle contraction while the somatic system facilitates relaxation of the external urethral sphincter, ensuring synchronized and efficient bladder emptying during the voiding process. This study explores the relationship between Barrington's nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-ergic projections and the formation of perineural nets (PNNs) among spinal motoneurons, particularly parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and Onuf's nucleus during the maturation of the neural circuitry controlling pelvic visceromotor functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
September 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Purpose: The rapid onset of anxiolytic drugs without cognitive or motor impairments remains an unmet need. This study evaluated the acute anxiolytic effects of Salvia heldreichiana essential oil in rats, measuring anxiety-related behaviors, hippocampal levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA, and serum cortisol.
Method: Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into two experiments.
J Ayurveda Integr Med
September 2025
Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India; Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India.
This case report is the description of a devastating illness, Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP) of a sixty-seven years old male patient. He presented with complaints of slurred speech, hearing impairment, generalised weakness of limbs, weakened grip to hold objects in hand, difficulty to walk with normal speed, frequent dizzy feeling while walking, severe fatigue, increased anger, heaviness of head, depression, anxiety, decreased memory and headache for 1 year. When he consulted conventional medicine, in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain, only 'Partial empty sella' and age related mild cerebral atrophy was detected and the patient was diagnosed PBP clinically.
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