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Eagle syndrome represents an anatomic variant present in 4% of the population. It is characterized by an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament with resultant irritation of cervical neurovascular structures. Common manifestations include craniofacial or cervical pain related to compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. In rare cases, patients can present with a stroke or transient ischemic attack due to associated carotid artery injury. Fewer than 25 prior case reports describe vascular symptoms in the setting of associated carotid artery dissection and, in one case, a pseudoaneurysm. Our case report details the diagnosis and management of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis secondary to vascular Eagle syndrome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvscit.2023.101372 | DOI Listing |
J Neurol Surg B Skull Base
October 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Imperial Gift Foundation Inc., Ritto, Shiga, Japan.
Objective: Eagle syndrome, categorized into classical styloid syndrome and stylocarotid syndrome, presents challenges in determining the optimal surgical approach for styloid process (SP) resection. While intraoral resection suffices for many cases, especially classical styloid syndrome cases, stylocarotid syndrome sometimes demands a transcervical resection due to its intricate spatial dynamics. We describe a step-by-step procedure for modified transcervical resection using a supra digastric muscle approach (SDMA) for SP, emphasizing anatomical precision.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Neurol Int
July 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan.
Background: Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is an uncommon but important cause of ischemic stroke in young adults, particularly in Asian populations where its incidence is relatively low. While ICAD typically presents with headache, neck pain, or ischemic symptoms, it can also lead to isolated cranial nerve involvement, complicating the diagnostic process.
Case Description: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with isolated right-sided glossopharyngeal nerve symptoms - specifically, ageusia and pharyngeal discomfort - along with mild posterior neck pain.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Background: Eagle syndrome is a condition in which mechanical stimulation of an elongated styloid process causes internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection.
Observations: The patient presented with partial right hemiparesis and dysarthria and was diagnosed with left ICA occlusion due to dissection with horizontal segmental patency of the middle cerebral artery, for which carotid artery stenting was performed. The tip of the styloid process was at the same level as the entry of the dissected segment, suggesting mechanical stimulation of the styloid process as the cause of dissection.
Case Rep Otolaryngol
August 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
We describe a third variant of Eagle syndrome characterized by (1) neck pain (2) giant, hypertrophied styloid processes, (3) mobile styloid process due to pseudoarthrosis, and (4) combined facial nerve compression/entrapment leading to facial spasms and paralysis. Our patient presented with symptoms of Eagle syndrome, bilateral giant styloid processes, and left facial spasms progressing to left facial paresis/paralysis. CT findings included a pseudoarthrosis of the base of a giant left styloid process and overgrowth of bone superior to the styloid base.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
July 2025
From the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Background: The purpose of this study was to describe a case of Eagle syndrome (ES) and its related surgical treatment. Additionally, a literature review of different surgical treatments was performed, with a particular focus on piezosurgery.
Methods: We describe a case of ES that was previously treated with an intraoral approach and subsequently with a cervical surgical approach using piezosurgery.