Deciphering insights into the binding mechanism and plasticity of Telacebec with cytochrome supercomplex through an unbiased molecular dynamics simulation, free-energy analysis, and DFT study.

The cytochrome supercomplex, a key component in the electron transport chain pathway involved in bacterial energy production and homeostasis, is a clinically validated target for tuberculosis (TB), leading to Telacebec (Q203). Telacebec is a potent candidate drug under Phase II clinical development for the treatment of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Recently, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of this supercomplex from (Mtb) complexed with Q203 was resolved at 6.9 Å resolution (PDB ID: 7E1W). To understand the binding site (Q site) flexibility and Q203's stability at the Q site of the Mtb cytochrome complex, we conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and free energy analysis on this complex in an explicit hydrated lipid bilayer environment for 500 ns. Through this study, the persistence of a range of direct and indirect interactions was observed over the course of the simulation. The significance of the interactions with His375, Tyr161, Ala178, Ala179, Ile183, His355, Leu356, and Thr313 is underlined. Electrostatic energy was the primary source of the net binding free energy, regardless of the important interacting residues. The overall binding free energy for Q203 was -112.84 ± 7.73 kcal/mol, of which the electrostatic and lipophilic energy contributions were -116.31 ± 1.14 and -21.32 ± 2.35 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, DFT calculations were utilized to elucidate Q203's molecular properties. Overall, this study deciphers key insights into the cytochrome supercomplex with Q203 on the ground of molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics that may facilitate structure-based drug design and optimization for the discovery of the next-generation antitubercular drug(s).