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Affordable and accessible tests for COVID-19 allow for timely disease treatment and pandemic management. SalivaDirect is a faster and easier method to implement than NPS sampling. Patients can self-collect saliva samples at home or in other non-clinical settings without the help of a healthcare professional. Sample processing in SalivaDirect is less complex and more adaptable than in conventional nucleic acid extraction methods. We found that SalivaDirect has good diagnostic performance and is ideal for large-scale testing in settings where supplies may be limited or trained healthcare professionals are unavailable.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783095 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03272-23 | DOI Listing |
Microbiology (Reading)
August 2025
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Non-encapsulated (NESp) represent up to 19% of circulating pneumococci and exhibit high rates of genetic exchange and antimicrobial resistance. Saliva is increasingly used as a pneumococcal carriage study specimen, and we recently developed a qPCR assay to enhance carriage surveillance and characterization of NESp in saliva. Previous work has established that pneumococci remain viable in unsupplemented saliva for extended periods under various conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiology (Reading)
April 2025
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Pneumococcal surveillance studies are reporting increasing prevalence of non-encapsulated pneumococci (NESp). NESp are an important reservoir for genetic exchange among streptococci, including for antimicrobial resistance, and are increasingly implicated in disease. Disease-associated NESp commonly carries the virulence genes , or and in their locus instead of capsule genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Forum Infect Dis
February 2025
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Background: Healthcare workers are at increased risk of exposure to respiratory pathogens including (pneumococcus). While little asymptomatic carriage has been reported in young-to-middle-aged adults, this may be due to nonsensitive diagnostic methods. The aim of the current study was to investigate the rates of pneumococcal carriage in a large cohort of healthcare workers, using saliva as a respiratory specimen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
November 2024
SalivaDirect, Inc., New Haven, CT, United States.
The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world unprepared. Large-scale testing efforts were urgently needed, and diagnostic strategies had to rapidly evolve in response to unprecedented worldwide demand. However, the rollout of diagnostic testing and screening for SARS-CoV-2 was often impeded by logistical challenges, including regulatory delays, workforce shortages, laboratory bottlenecks, and supply chain disruptions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEMS Microbes
October 2024
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Important questions remain about the sources of transmission of pneumococcus to older adults in the community. This is critical for understanding the potential effects of using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in children and older adults. For non-institutionalized individuals, we hypothesized that the most likely source of adult-to-adult transmission is within the household.
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