Clinical characteristics of non-infectious uveitis treated with and without systemic immunomodulatory therapy.

Objective: To compare the patient characteristics and long-term outcomes for those treated with and without systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for non-infectious uveitis (NIU).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All consecutive adults with NIU receiving care at 5 uveitis subspecialty tertiary care clinics between 2010 and 2021.

Methods: Clinical outcomes were evaluated on initial presentation and at the last available follow-up. The main outcome measures were baseline characteristics and final visual acuity.

Results: A total of 914 NIU patients (418 IMT, 496 non-IMT) with a median age of 51.0 years and 57.4% female were identified. Over half the patients had bilateral disease, with a significantly higher proportion of bilateral cases in the IMT group compared with the non-IMT group (p < 0.001). The IMT group was more likely to have chronic uveitis (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of patients experiencing cataracts and cystoid macular edema (p < 0.001 for both). A significantly higher proportion of non-IMT patients had anterior uveitis and an idiopathic etiology (p < 0.001). Overall, visual acuity improved significantly from baseline to last follow-up in the entire cohort (p < 0.001), with a slightly better improvement in the IMT group. Multivariable linear regression analysis suggested that baseline visual acuity and panuveitis were significant predictors of final visual acuity (p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusions: NIU patients on IMT are often younger, suffer from bilateral and chronic uveitis, and are more likely to have ocular complications. Those in the non-IMT group are more likely to have anterior idiopathic NIU. Baseline visual acuity and panuveitis are the main predictors of final vision outcomes among patients with NIU.