In vitro screening of imidazolium and pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids toxicity on subcellular fractions of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol

Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy.

Published: November 2023


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Article Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered eco-friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents. However, several studies have reported that ILs exert toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates. Applying in vitro methodology, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of three ILs on the biochemical performance of exposed Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland and gills cellular fractions. Carboxylesterase might be involved in the derived toxicity mechanism of ILs as activity levels increased significantly in digestive gland exposed fractions. This group of ILs did not seem to induce genotoxicity, except in gills cellular fractions exposed to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. In the literature, in vitro methodology has been suggested as an important complement to animal testing and in silico studies. The present research underlines its efficacy as a quick pre-screening before in vivo testing, particularly with heterogenic groups of substances with high variability in composition, such as ILs and deep eutectic solvents.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2023.104305DOI Listing

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