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Explaining why someone repeats high-cost cooperation towards non-reciprocating strangers is difficult. Warm glow offers an explanation. We argue that warm glow, as a mechanism to sustain long-term cooperation, cools off over time but can be warmed up with a simple intervention message. We tested our predictions in the context of repeat voluntary blood donation (high-cost helping of a non-reciprocating stranger) across 6 studies: a field-based experiment (n = 5,821) comparing warm-glow and impure-altruism messages; an implementation study comparing a 3-yr pre-implementation period among all first-time donors in Australia (N = 270,353) with a 2-yr post-implementation period (N = 170, 317); and 4 studies (n = 716, 1,124, 932, 1,592) exploring mechanisms. We show that there are relatively warm and cool cooperators, not cooling cooperators. Cooperation among cool cooperators is enhanced by a warm-glow-plus-identity message. Furthermore, the behavioural facilitation of future cooperation, by booking an appointment, is associated with being a warm cooperator. Societal implications are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01687-6 | DOI Listing |
J Agric Saf Health
January 2025
Division of Occupational, Environmental & Climate Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Highlights: Farmworkers are at high risk of heat-related illness, especially those working in polytunnels. There is a gap in knowledge regarding working conditions inside polytunnels. Polytunnels are prevalent in California's Central Coast region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Abundant evidence exists that mobile animals exhibit different movement behavior during different seasons, especially in landscapes with strong seasonal variation in climate and resource availability. Quantifying seasonal movement dynamics is critical for making accurate inferences and appropriate recommendations for species conservation and landscape management. Using empirical approaches to characterize seasonal variation in animal movement minimizes assumptions about the timing of seasonal transitions, environmental proxies, and effects of spatiotemporal variation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Ergon
July 2025
University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Kaiserslautern, Germany; Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.
As virtual environments and metaverse platforms transform human interaction, understanding how lighting influences perception and behavior in digital spaces is critical. This study investigates the effects of correlated color temperature (CCT) and virtual daylight on human evaluations of virtual environments across two complementary experiments: one conducted in an uncontrolled real-world setting and the other in a controlled laboratory environment. Building on principles of human-centric lighting (HCL), we propose a framework for human-centric virtual lighting (HCVL) to optimize user experience in immersive digital spaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlanta
July 2025
Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
This study identified a PbrCAR1 gene in pear, which promotes pollen tube growth by mediating vesicle transport, and Ca treatment enhances PbrCAR1 expression and promotes its plasma membrane accumulation. The C2-domain abscisic acid-related (CAR) proteins bind to diverse signaling protein complexes and play essential roles in numerous biological processes, including blue light tropism, gravitropism, iron nutrition, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of CAR gene family members in pear pollen development within the Rosaceae family remain inadequately explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcology
July 2025
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Late 20th century warming has weakened the relationship between temperature and growth in northern forests. This loss of sensitivity to temperature, often attributed to drought stress in warmer regions of the boreal forest, has also been observed in cool, mesic environments, where warming-related growth declines are poorly understood. We used annually resolved ring-width and carbon stable isotope (δC) chronologies from white spruce forest and woodland stands in southwest Alaska to examine tree responses to climate during a recent warming period (1970-2011).
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