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Stomatal pores are adjustable microscopic holes on the surface of photosynthetic tissues that help regulate multiple aspects of plant physiology. Stomatal pores facilitate gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis, water transport, and temperature regulation. Pore size is influenced by many intertwined environmental, molecular, cellular, and physiological cues. Accurate and precise measurements of pore size is important for understanding the mechanisms that adjust pores and plant physiology. Here we investigate whether conventional pore measurements of width are appropriate for the economically important crop plant . Our studies demonstrate that pore area is a more sensitive measurement than width in this plant.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.17912/micropub.biology.000893 | DOI Listing |
Plant Physiol
September 2025
School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
Stomatal pores govern the tradeoff between CO₂ assimilation and water loss, and optimizing their performance is critical for crop resilience, particularly under dynamic field environments. Here, we show that overexpression of Triticum aestivum EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (TaEPF1) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) reduces leaf stomatal density in a leaf surface-specific manner, with a greater decline on the abaxial surface than on the adaxial surface. TaEPF1 overexpressors exhibited substantially lower stomatal conductance than wild-type (WT) control plants, which resulted in diffusional constraints limiting photosynthesis when measured under monochromatic red light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Plants
August 2025
Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Guard cell pairs in the leaf epidermis enclose stomata, microscopic pores mediating CO uptake and water loss. Historical data suggest that signals from interior mesophyll tissue may modulate guard-cell regulation of stomatal apertures, but the molecular identity of any metabolite-based signals has remained elusive. We discovered that extracellular (apoplastic) fluid from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba enhances red-light-induced stomatal opening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol
August 2025
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Guard cells control the opening and closure of stomatal pores in response to internal and external stimuli, ensuring gas exchange in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), β-AMYLASE1 (BAM1), assisted by α-AMYLASE3, begins degrading starch at dawn in guard cells to promote stomatal opening. Both enzymes are controlled by reversible disulfide bond formation, which decreases their activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Physiol
July 2025
Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
Stomatal pores in land plants rapidly and reversibly open and close in response to diurnal changes in leaf carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Studies have suggested that CO2 is sensed by guard cells with relevant amplifying contributions from mesophyll tissue. CO2 concentration changes trigger rapid signal transduction events involving protein phosphorylation in guard cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
July 2025
Shanghai International Fashion Innovation Center, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
Dynamic moisture-responsive textiles are highly desirable for smart clothing that adapts to physiological and environmental changes to enhance the wearer's comfort. Unfortunately, many moisture-responsive fabrics suffer from slow response times, poor reversibility, and insufficient durability. Moreover, these fabrics frequently fail to satisfy requirements such as tactile softness, appearance retention, and integration compatibility with existing clothing systems.
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