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The effective control over the vesicle formation pathways is vital for tuning its function. Recently, a liquid-liquid phase-separated intermediate (LLPS) is observed before a vesicular structure during the solvent exchange self-assembly of block copolymers. Though the understanding of polymer structures and chemical compositions on the competition between LLPS and micellization has made some progress, little is known about the role of cosolvent on it. In this study, the influence of cosolvent on the vesicle formation pathways is investigated by using dissipative particle dynamics. The results show that the range of water fraction within which the LLPS is favored will be highly dependent on the affinity difference of cosolvent to water and to polymer repeat units. The change of the cosolvent-water interaction and the water fraction impact the distribution of cosolvent in the polymer domain, the miscibility between the components in the system as well as the chain conformations, which finally induce different self-assembly behaviors. Our findings would be helpful for understanding the LLPS and controlling the morphologies of diblock polymers in solutions for further applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135113 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Crosstalk between leukemic cells and their surrounding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow microenvironment is crucial for the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EV-specific miRNAs derived from MDS-MSCs remain poorly explored. EVs isolated from HS-5, an immortalized stromal cell line, promoted the proliferation and 5-azacytidine (AZA) resistance of SKM-1 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Eng Regen Med
September 2025
Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, China.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a major global health challenge with no ideal treatment options available. Early-stage treatment typically focuses on symptomatic relief of pain and stiffness; while late-stage patients can only opt for surgical interventions such as joint replacement to improve quality of life. Cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has offered a novel therapeutic approach for regulating bone metabolism and repairing cartilage, demonstrating emerging potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Metastasis Rev
September 2025
Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
Integrins constitute a large and diverse family of cell adhesion molecules that play essential roles in regulating tumor cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and neovascularization. Tumor cell-derived exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are enriched with integrins that reflect their cells of origin. These exosomal integrins can promote extracellular matrix remodeling, immune suppression, and vascular remodeling and are closely linked to tumor progression and metastasis, acting as pivotal players in mediating organ-specific metastasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Cell Res
September 2025
Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address:
CD151 is a tetraspanin, abnormally expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). It is a prominent component of exosomes, facilitating the secretion of proteins that promote metastasis and drug resistance. We have previously demonstrated that silencing the CD151 gene reduces metastasis in TNBC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Madrid, Spain. Electronic
Pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP-C) may play a key role in alveolar homeostasis by modulating vesicle uptake in alveolar cells. This study explores how SP-C regulates internalization of model unilamellar lipid vesicles by type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) and alveolar macrophages (AMϕ), focusing on the effect of lipid composition, palmitoylation state, and interactions with external stimuli like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or the other hydrophobic surfactant protein SP-B. Using fluorescence-based techniques, we demonstrated that SP-C enhances vesicle uptake in a lipid-dependent manner.
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