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This study aimed to investigate the impact of changing environmental conditions on MMI ES in seagrasses and mangroves. We used data from satellite and biodiversity platforms combined with field data to explore the links between ecosystem pressures (habitat conversion, overexploitation, climate change), conditions (environmental quality, ecosystem attributes), and MMI ES (provisioning, regulation, cultural). Both seagrass and mangrove extents increased significantly since 2016. While sea surface temperature showed no significant annual variation, sea surface partial pressure CO2, height above sea level and pH presented significant changes. Among the environmental quality variables only silicate, PO4 and phytoplankton showed significant annual varying trends. The MMI food provisioning increased significantly, indicating overexploitation that needs urgent attention. MMI regulation and cultural ES did not show significant trends overtime. Our results show that MMI ES are affected by multiple factors and their interactions can be complex and non-linear. We identified key research gaps and suggested future directions for research. We also provided relevant data that can support future ES assessments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106026 | DOI Listing |
Limnol Oceanogr
July 2025
Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) such as seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, and salt marshes are important carbon sinks that store carbon for millennia. Recently, organic matter (OM) sulfurization and pyritization have been proposed as mechanisms of net carbon storage in BCEs. At our study site, organic sulfur that is resistant to acid hydrolysis (protokerogen) is an order of magnitude less abundant than pyrite sulfur, suggesting a dominance of pyritization over sulfurization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiol
August 2025
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Microbial communities underpin biogeochemical processes in Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCEs); however, a comprehensive review of geographic patterns in microbial diversity, microbial functions, and distribution is currently lacking. Here, for the first time, we have analysed 70 years (1930-2020) of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal diversity and functions in mangrove, saltmarsh, and seagrass ecosystems to elucidate publication and geographic trends in reporting data in BCEs and to identify knowledge gaps. Of the 649 journal articles analysed, research on BCE microbial communities has focused overwhelmingly on assessing bacterial richness and functions in BCEs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
August 2025
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Plants occupying coastal ecosystems draw in carbon dioxide (CO) from the air and water around them during photosynthesis. A fraction of this CO becomes fixed into plant biomass and can eventually contribute to the blue carbon pool-organic carbon (C) sequestered in slow-turnover sinks. An important step in protecting and enhancing this natural carbon sequestration pathway is determining the relative contributions of different coastal plants to this blue carbon pool in durable sinks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China. Electronic address:
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) serve as both carbon sinks and sources, with carbon release from sediments as greenhouse gases (GHGs) potentially reducing their overall sequestration benefits. However, the mechanisms driving microbial community succession processes in sediments, which influence GHG production in BCEs, remain uncertain. We collected 129 sediment samples from diverse BCEs (mudflats, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses) across a broad latitude gradient (18°N - 41°N) in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Rev Mar Sci
August 2025
7Underwood and Associates, Edgewater, Maryland, USA;
Built infrastructure, such as seawalls and levees, has long been used to reduce shoreline erosion and protect coastal properties from flood impacts. In contrast, natural and nature-based features (NNBF), including marshes, mangroves, oyster reefs, coral reefs, and seagrasses, offer not only coastal protection but also a range of valuable ecosystem services. There is no clear understanding of the capacity of either natural habitats or NNBF integrated with traditional engineered infrastructure to withstand extreme events, nor are there well-defined breakpoints at which these habitats fail to provide coastal protection.
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