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Karrikins (KARs) are small butenolide compounds identified in the smoke of burning vegetation. Along with the stimulating effects on seed germination, KARs also regulate seedling vigor and adaptive behaviors, such as seedling morphogenesis, root hair development, and stress acclimation. The pivotal KAR signaling repressor, SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), plays central roles in these developmental and morphogenic processes through an extensive signaling network that governs seedling responses to endogenous and environmental cues. Here, we summarize the versatile roles of SMAX1 reported in recent years and discuss how SMAX1 integrates multiple growth hormone signals into optimizing seedling establishment. We also discuss the evolutionary relevance of the SMAX1-mediated signaling pathways during the colonization of aqueous plants to terrestrial environments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.014 | DOI Listing |
Front Plant Sci
September 2025
College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center for High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Plant seeds have evolved diverse dormancy types and regulatory mechanisms to adapt to environmental conditions and seasonal changes. As a commonly used rootstock for cultivated pears, faces challenges in seedling production and large-scale cultivation due to limited understanding of seed dormancy mechanisms. In this study, we report that seeds exhibit non-deep physiological dormancy, with seed coats playing a pivotal regulatory role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
To establish a systematic approach for evaluating heat tolerance at the seedling stage in broccoli, we investigated 14 representative cultivars cultivated in China. Physiological indicators such as electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde, proline, and chlorophyll content were measured before and after heat stress, alongside phenotypic scoring of heat injury, to characterize the differential thermotolerance among genotypes. The results indicated that significant differences ( < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
August 2025
The Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
is an essential tree species in southwest China. However, its genetic degeneration problem urgently needs to be addressed. Decapitation promotes seedling propagation primarily by disrupting apical dominance, triggering hormonal changes that stimulate lateral bud growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
September 2025
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan.
Background: Escalating global temperatures pose an ongoing threat to cotton production by disrupting essential morphological, physiological, and metabolic processes during early plant development. These early stages are critical for crop establishment, yet the genetic basis of heat tolerance at this phase remains insufficiently characterized. Therefore, advancing our understanding of early-stage responses is essential for the development of heat-tolerant genotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Mol Biol Plants
July 2025
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India.
Unlabelled: Early Seedling Vigor (ESV) is a critical trait for direct-seeded rice (DSR), as it promotes rapid seedling establishment and effective weed suppression. Enhancing ESV is therefore essential for developing varieties adapted to DSR conditions. This study aimed to accelerate genetic gain for ESV traits through Marker-Assisted Pedigree Selection (MAPS) by leveraging reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs).
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