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Deterioration of infrastructure is a major challenge in the civil engineering industry. One of the methods that has been deemed effective in upgrading reinforced concrete (RC) structures is using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, the efficacy of this retrofitting technique is limited by the premature debonding failure of the FRP at the concrete-FRP interface; thus, the full capacity of the FRP is rarely utilized. Anchorage systems were proposed as a feasible solution to suppress or delay debonding failure. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the use of end U-wraps and carbon FRP (CFRP) spike anchors to anchor CFRP plates bonded to flexure-deficient RC beams. The experimental program consisted of seven RC beams with the length of the CFRP plate, type of anchorage, and the number of anchors as experimental variables. Test results indicated a remarkable enhancement in the ultimate load-carrying capacity when longer CFRP plates were used to strengthen the beams. In addition, anchoring the plates enhanced the strength of the CFRP-plated beams by 16-35% compared to the unanchored specimen, depending on the anchorage type and scheme. Finally, fib Bulletin 90 (2019) provisions provided the most accurate predictions of the moment capacity of the strengthened specimens.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071621 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Pathog
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, rely on host factors for their replication and pathogenesis, while hosts deploy defense mechanisms to counteract viral infections. Although numerous host proviral factors have been identified, the landscape of host restriction factors and their underlying mechanisms remain less explored. Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens using three distinct coronaviruses-SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43 (a common cold human virus from the genus Betacoronavirus) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (Alphacoronavirus) to identify conserved host restriction factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
July 2025
Independent researcher, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:
Creatine is widely regarded as a safe and effective supplement for physical performance but has recently gained attention as a potential cognitive enhancer. Public and commercial enthusiasm for this use has surged, spiking sales, prescriptions and social media engagement despite a body of evidence that, paradoxically, haved remained considerably limited. This article critically examines the growing disconnect between marketing narratives and scientific rigor in the discourse around creatine and brain health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiseases
June 2025
Department of Proteomics, Regeneratics, 28019 Madrid, Spain.
Chronic illness after COVID-19 vaccination (longvax) lacks a therapeutic protocol anchored in pathophysiology. Persistent vaccine derived spike protein appears to trigger microvascular fibrin amyloid microclots, immune dysfunction, pathogen reactivation and multisystem injury. This article proposes an integrative approach, Vaxtherapy, to tackle these mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
July 2025
South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
There is currently limited understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) adaptation to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins which mediate CD8 (HLA-I) and CD4 (HLA-II) T cell immune responses. We investigated population-level T cell immune escape in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at amino acid binding positions (the anchor motifs) preferred by the highly restrictive peptide binding grooves of the HLA. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein sequences isolated in South Africa from January 2020 until June 2022, were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
July 2025
Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Virus-like nanoparticles (VNPs) based on Moloney murine leukemia virus represent a well-established platform for the expression of heterologous molecules such as cytokines, cytokine receptors, peptide MHC (pMHC) and major allergens, but their application for inducing protective anti-viral immunity has remained understudied as of yet. Here, we variably fused the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 spike, its receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (NC) to the minimal CD16b-GPI anchor acceptor sequence for expression on the surface of VNP. Moreover, a CD16b-GPI-anchored single-chain version of IL-12 was tested for its adjuvanticity.
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