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A woman in her 70s presented with gallbladder carcinoma with liver metastases and peritoneal dissemination. After standard chemotherapy failed, a liver biopsy was performed. A FoundationOne CDx analysis showed that the tumor mutational burden (TMB) was high (34 mutations/megabase). Treatment with pembrolizumab, which is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), resulted in a partial response, and there were no significant immune-related adverse events. According to recently published reports, the frequency of TMB-high biliary tract cancer (BTC) is 3.4-4%, which makes it extremely rare. In conclusion, ICIs may be effective in patients with TMB-high BTC.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686744 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.1610-23 | DOI Listing |
BMC Med Imaging
August 2025
Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Objective: This study introduces MSFE-GallNet-X, a domain-adaptive deep learning model utilizing multi-scale feature extraction (MSFE) to improve the classification accuracy of gallbladder diseases from grayscale ultrasound images, while integrating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to enhance clinical interpretability.
Methods: We developed a convolutional neural network-based architecture that automatically learns multi-scale features from a dataset comprising 10,692 high-resolution ultrasound images from 1,782 patients, covering nine gallbladder disease classes, including gallstones, cholecystitis, and carcinoma. The model incorporated Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) to provide visual interpretability of diagnostic predictions.
Biomedicines
August 2025
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 3718511, Gunma, Japan.
: The TOPAZ-1 phase III trial reported a survival benefit of using durvalumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) antibody, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCD) treatment in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of GCD treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer in real-world conditions. : The study subjects were 52 patients with biliary tract cancer who received GCD therapy between January 2023 and May 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver Int
September 2025
Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background And Aims: In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the risk for gallbladder malignancy is increased. Surveillance imaging is used for early diagnosis. The study aims to assess the reliability of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of gallbladder polyps in people with PSC and to define a polyp size as a cut-off at which cholecystectomy is indicated due to the high probability of a malignant finding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Med Okayama
August 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital.
An 80-year-old male underwent an extended cholecystectomy for node-positive gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Two weeks later, hemoptysis revealed a left hilar tumor obstructing the bronchus, which was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Three months post-cholecystectomy, a left upper pulmonary lobectomy was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Oncol
August 2025
Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Luteolin, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, a natural flavonoid component found in various Chinese herbs such as Scutellaria barbata D. Don, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, schizonepeta, and ajuga decumbens, exhibits potential for cancer prevention and therapy. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which luteolin, an active constituent of Scutellaria barbata, inhibits invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.
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