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Understanding the pharmacology of insulin and how it relates to the pathophysiology of diabetes can lead to better clinical outcomes. No insulin formulation should be considered "best" by default. Insulin suspensions (NPH, NPH/regular mixes, lente, and PZI) as well as insulin glargine U100 and detemir are intermediate-acting formulations that are administered twice daily. For a formulation to be an effective and safe basal insulin, its action should be roughly the same every hour of the day. Currently, only insulin glargine U300 and insulin degludec meet this standard in dogs, whereas in cats, insulin glargine U300 is the closest option.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.002 | DOI Listing |
Diabetes Obes Metab
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Aim: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety data at 104 weeks in tirzepatide-treated participants with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
Materials And Methods: This post-hoc analysis was based on the SURPASS-4 data (NCT03730662), a multicenter, Phase III trial. Participants were randomised to receive tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg) or insulin glargine.
Diabetes Ther
September 2025
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.
Introduction: This post hoc analysis of an A Toujeo Observational Study (ATOS) aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) in high-risk subgroups of insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) from multiple geographical regions (Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe).
Methods: In these post hoc analyses of ATOS, a real-world, 12-month, prospective study included 4422 insulin-naïve adults (age ≥ 18 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled (HbA > 7% and ≤ 11%) on one or more oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) who initiated Gla-300 treatment as per routine practice. Primary and secondary endpoints were studied according to renal impairment (RI) status (without or with) and age group (≥ 70 years).
Diabetes Obes Metab
September 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Clin Pharmacol Ther
September 2025
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Clinical trials often face recruitment challenges. From the participant's perspective, barriers such as time commitment, travel to sites, and logistical burden, like arranging care duties or time off work, can deter enrolment. Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) aim to address these by shifting activities closer to participants' homes and using online methods for recruitment and consent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacol Ther
September 2025
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The interest in trials in which activities are being moved to the participants' direct environment, that is, decentralized, has increased in recent years, but limited research has been conducted into the feasibility and acceptability of such approaches. The Trials@Home RADIAL proof-of-concept (PoC) trial aims to assess the scientific and operational feasibility and quality of a fully decentralized and hybrid trial approach compared to a conventional, site-based approach. RADIAL is a three-arm parallel-group, open-label, multi-center low-intervention phase IV trial conducted in people living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in six European countries (DE, DK, ES, IT, PL, UK).
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