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In amniotes, the predominant developmental strategy underlying body size evolution is thought to be adjustments to the rate of growth rather than its duration. However, most theoretical and experimental studies supporting this axiom focus on pairwise comparisons and/or lack an explicit phylogenetic framework. We present the first large-scale phylogenetic comparative analysis examining developmental strategies underlying the evolution of body size, focusing on non-avialan theropod dinosaurs. We reconstruct ancestral states of growth rate and body mass in a taxonomically rich dataset, finding that contrary to expectations, changes in the rate and duration of growth played nearly equal roles in the evolution of the vast body size disparity present in non-avialan theropods-and perhaps that of amniotes in general.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adc8714 | DOI Listing |
J Orthop Res
September 2025
Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Osteoporotic hip fractures are a considerable cause of pain and disability particularly among the elderly. Osteoporosis causes loss of bone stability, which in turn leads to an increased risk of fractures especially in metaphyseal bone. Moreover, the body's capacity for healing is diminished, resulting in prolonged recovery times following these fractures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Cell
September 2025
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
The Mediterranean Sea is home to a wide variety of fish species that exhibit carnivorous behavior, particularly during the juvenile to pre-adult stages. This study aimed to compare the tongue morphology of four Mediterranean carnivorous fish species: the dusky grouper fish (Epinephelus marginatus), John Dory fish (Zeus faber), squirrelfish (Holocentrus spp.), and red lionfish (Pterois volitans).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCien Saude Colet
August 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. R. Betel 1958, Itaperi. 60714-230 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
This study aimed to evaluate mortality due to female breast cancer attributable to overweight and obesity and to estimate the number of preventable deaths with a reduction in the Body Mass Index in Brazil. An ecological study was carried out with investigation of information on overweight, obesity, sociodemographic characteristics based on a national survey carried out in 2013-14; breast cancer mortality rate in 2019 using the Online Atlas of Mortality and Relative Risk Meta-Analyses. The Potential Impact Fraction analysis was carried out, considering the following counterfactual scenarios related to the reduction in BMI: Scenario A - population contingent of women that make up the prevalence of overweight and obesity now composes the prevalence of eutrophy; Scenario B - population contingent of women that make up the prevalence of overweight starts to make up the prevalence of eutrophy; Scenario C - population contingent of women that make up the prevalence of obesity becomes part of the prevalence of overweight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCien Saude Colet
August 2025
Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between screen time and the frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in overweight pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study that used baseline data from a randomized clinical trial conducted in the Primary Health Care (PHC) network of a Brazilian municipality between 2018 and 2021. Data from the Food Consumption Markers form were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiat Environ Biophys
September 2025
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
Sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a potent inhibitor of p53, has been shown in earlier work to alleviate total-body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic syndrome. However, as p53 plays a crucial role in normal spermatogenesis, its suppression may raise concerns about potential adverse effects on male reproductive function. In this study, we investigated whether vanadate exacerbates impairment of male fertility when administered for hematopoietic protection under TBI conditions.
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