Evaluation of optimal monoenergetic images acquired by dual-energy CT in the diagnosis of T staging of thoracic esophageal cancer.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to objectively and subjectively assess optimal monoenergetic image (MEI (+)) characteristics from dual-energy CT (DECT) and the diagnostic performance for the T staging in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer (EC).

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with histopathologically confirmed EC who underwent DECT from September 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled. One standard polyenergetic image (PEI) and five MEI (+) were reconstructed. Two readers independently assessed the lesion conspicuity subjectively and calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of EC. Two readers independently assessed the T stage on the optimal MEI (+) and PEI subjectively. Multiple quantitative parameters were measured to assess the diagnostic performance to identify T1-2 from T3-4 in EC patients.

Results: The study included 68 patients. Subjectively, primary tumor delineation received the highest ratings in MEI (+) of the venous phase. Objectively, MEI (+) images showed significantly higher SNR compared with PEI (p < 0.05), peaking at MEI (+) in the venous phase. CNR of tumor (MEI (+) ) was all significantly higher than PEI in arterial and venous phases (p < 0.05), peaking at MEI (+) in venous phases. The agreement between MEI (+) and pathologic T categories was 81.63% (40/49). Rho values in venous phases had excellent diagnostic efficiency for identifying T1-2 from T3-4 (AUC = 0.84).

Conclusions: MEI (+) reconstructions at low keV in the venous phase improved the assessment of lesion conspicuity and also have great potential for preoperative assessment of T staging in patients with EC.