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A two-step gram-scale synthesis of cynandione A is described. The key to success is the one-pot tandem oxidation/regioselective arylation of 1,4-hydroquinone in the presence of an excess amount of oxidant. Natural bond orbital charge analysis was performed in order to understand the regioselectivity of the arylation step. The highly practical and scalable synthesis developed herein is expected to assist the in-depth biological evaluation of cynandione A in various animal models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ob02317b | DOI Listing |
Nucleic Acids Res
September 2025
Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
Supercoiled (Sc) circular DNA, such as plasmids, are essential in molecular biology and hold strong therapeutic potential. However, they are typically produced in Escherichia coli, resulting in bacterial methylations, unnecessary sequences, and contaminants that hinder certain applications including clinical uses. These limitations could be avoided by synthesizing plasmids entirely in vitro, but synthesizing high-purity Sc circular DNA biochemically remains a significant technical challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Lett
September 2025
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Environmental phenols are widely used in consumer products and are of increasing concern due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models offer a powerful tool for estimating human exposure by translating biomonitoring data into external intake values. However, conventional PBTK models are typically chemical-specific and resource-intensive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
September 2025
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M
Microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (HF) has emerged as a powerful platform for the controlled synthesis of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes, offering superior precision, reproducibility, and scalability compared to traditional batch methods. However, the impact of HF inlet configuration and channel geometry on nanoparticle formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we present a comprehensive experimental and computational analysis comparing 2-inlet (2-way) and 4-inlet (4-way) HF designs across various sheath inlet angles (45°, 90°, 135°) and cross-sectional geometries (square vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Hum Factors
September 2025
Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York City, NY, United States.
Background: As information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) become deeply integrated into daily life, the focus on users' digital well-being has grown across academic and industrial fields. However, fragmented perspectives and approaches to digital well-being in AI-powered systems hinder a holistic understanding, leaving researchers and practitioners struggling to design truly human-centered AI systems.
Objective: This paper aims to address the fragmentation by synthesizing diverse perspectives and approaches to digital well-being through a systematic literature review.
Discov Nano
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Promoter-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as a robust strategy for the low-temperature synthesis of diverse transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In these processes, promoter-induced intermediates facilitate specific reaction pathways, enabling controlled growth via vapor-solid-solid (VSS) or vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) modes. While previous studies have primarily focused on transition metal precursors, growth pathways involving engineered chalcogen-based intermediates remain underexplored due to their volatility and low melting points.
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