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For decades, memory research has centered on the role of neurons, which do not function in isolation. However, astrocytes play important roles in regulating neuronal recruitment and function at the local and network levels, forming the basis for information processing as well as memory formation and storage. In this review, we discuss the role of astrocytes in memory functions and their cellular underpinnings at multiple time points. We summarize important breakthroughs and controversies in the field as well as potential avenues to further illuminate the role of astrocytes in memory processes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-023-01024-x | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common, complex, and untreatable form of dementia which is characterized by severe cognitive, motor, neuropsychiatric, and behavioural impairments. These symptoms severely reduce the quality of life for patients and impose a significant burden on caregivers. The existing therapies offer only symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying silent pathological progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
September 2025
International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
The concept of the central nervous system (CNS) reserve emerged from the mismatch often observed between the extent of brain pathology and its clinical manifestations. The cognitive reserve reflects an "active" capacity, driven by the plasticity of CNS cellular components and shaped by experience, learning, and memory processes that increase resilience. We propose that neuroglial cells are central to defining this resilience and cognitive reserve.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain
September 2025
Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Mutations in the human ADAR gene encoding adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 6 (AGS6); a severe auto-inflammatory encephalopathy with aberrant interferon (IFN) induction. AdarΔ2-13 null mutant mouse embryos lacking ADAR1 protein die with high levels of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts. In Adar Mavs double mutants also lacking the Mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) adaptor, the aberrant IFN induction is prevented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural Plast
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Astrocytes play a crucial role in ensuring neuronal survival and function. In stroke, astrocytes trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a newly identified endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neurotrophic factor, attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by reducing inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and function. Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytic dysfunction is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke (IS), epilepsy, and glioma. Lipid droplets (LDs), ubiquitous intracellular lipid storage organelles, exhibit metabolic abnormalities that are commonly observed in these neurological conditions, particularly in astrocytes, where LD metabolic dysregulation may serve as a critical link between glial dysfunction and neuronal damage.
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