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Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is becoming a widely adopted modality in breast imaging over the past few decades and exponentially so over the last few years, with strong evidence of high diagnostic performance in cancer detection. Evidence is also growing indicating comparative performance of CEM to MRI in sensitivity with fewer false positive rates. As application of CEM ranges from potential use in screening dense breast populations to staging of known breast malignancy, increased familiarity with the modality and its implementation, and disease processes encountered becomes of great clinical significance. This review emphasizes expected normal findings on CEM followed by a focus on examples of the commonly encountered benign and malignant pathologies on CEM.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40644-023-00526-1 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
September 2025
Department of Urology, Janusz Korczak Provincial Specialist Hospital, Slupsk, POL.
Hematuria is a common clinical symptom that may reflect a wide spectrum of underlying conditions, ranging from benign etiologies to potentially life-threatening diseases such as urothelial carcinoma or renal trauma. It is generally classified as either gross (visible) or microscopic (detected only through urinalysis), and particularly in emergency settings, it requires prompt and structured evaluation to guide further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Delayed recognition may result in missed malignancies or avoidable complications, underscoring the importance of early and accurate assessment at the initial point of medical contact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol
September 2025
SENSE Research Unit, Department of Clinical and Movements Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Positional nystagmus is a frequently encountered yet often underappreciated clinical sign that provides critical insights into vestibular and central nervous system function. For the general neurologist, recognising and correctly interpreting positional nystagmus can significantly impact diagnostic accuracy and guide appropriate management of common and complex dizziness presentations. The current diagnostic framework for positional nystagmus disproportionately favours BPPV, underestimates central positional nystagmus (CPN), and over-relies on imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pediatr
August 2025
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging manifestations, pathological types, and surgical strategies of mediastinal masses in children with this condition, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and perioperative management.
Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with mediastinal masses and treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 2019 and August 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Key variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical procedures, intraoperative management, pathological results, and follow-up outcomes.
Radiol Case Rep
November 2025
Department of Radiology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
The giant Hydronephrosis is defined as dilated pelvic collecting system of kidney containing more than 1 liter of fluid or at least 1.6% of body weight or kidney occupying half of the abdominal cavity. The pelvic ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is the commonest cause and a rarely encountered entity nowadays because of availability of advanced diagnostic imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian Dermatol Online J
September 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Vulvar neoplasia is on the rise and patients often present to dermatologists with lesions of varying morphology associated with pruritus, burning sensation, or pain. Early diagnosis results in an early treatment and improved quality of life. Differentiating vulvar neoplasia and intraepithelial malignancies from benign and inflammatory conditions is imperative.
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