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The aromatic side-chains of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan interact with their environments via both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Determining the extent to which these contribute to protein function and stability is not possible with conventional mutagenesis. Serial fluorination of a given aromatic is a validated method in vitro and in silico to specifically alter electrostatic characteristics, but this approach is restricted to a select few experimental systems. Here, we report a group of pyrrolysine-based aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs (tRNA/RS pairs) that enable the site-specific encoding of a varied spectrum of fluorinated phenylalanine amino acids in E. coli and mammalian (HEK 293T) cells. By allowing the cross-kingdom expression of proteins bearing these unnatural amino acids at biochemical scale, these tools may potentially enable the study of biological mechanisms which utilize aromatic interactions in structural and cellular contexts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35761-w | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
September 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFDig Dis Sci
September 2025
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Vet Res Commun
September 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO 11221, Giza, Egypt.
This comprehensive review examines the versatile applications and effects of Moringa oleifera across multiple fish species in aquaculture systems amid growing challenges of rising feed costs and antimicrobial resistance. M. oleifera, commonly called the Miracle tree, contains an exceptional nutritional profile with high protein content (22.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
September 2025
Department of Medical Lab Technology, College of health and medical technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Background: Sinusitis is a common respiratory infection increasingly associated with antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, posing significant treatment challenges. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in sinus infections necessitates comprehensive profiling of resistance patterns to guide effective therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetica
September 2025
Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Population genetics plays a critical role in creating policies for managing fisheries, conservation, and development of aquaculture. The golden snapper, Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792), is a highly commercial and aquaculture important snapper species. This study used mitochondrial markers D-loop (151 specimens) and Cytochrome b (Cyt-b, 120 specimens) from 10 populations, including populations from the east South China Sea, the west South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca to investigate the genetic diversity, population connectivity, and historical demography of L.
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