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IKAROS/IKZF1 plays a pivotal role in lymphocyte differentiation and development. Germline mutations in IKZF1, which have been shown to be associated with primary immunodeficiency, can be classified through four different mechanisms of action depending on the protein expression and its functional defects: haploinsufficiency, dimerization defective, dominant negative, and gain of function. These different mechanisms are associated with variable degrees of susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, and malignancies. To date, more than 30 heterozygous IKZF1 germline variants have been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency. Here we review recent discoveries and clinical/immunological characterization of IKAROS-associated diseases that are linked to different mechanisms of action in IKAROS function.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxac109 | DOI Listing |
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)
September 2025
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by eczema, microthrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory disorder involving various organs. We present a 34-year-old male with WAS who developed cervical lymphadenopathy and parotid gland swelling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFS Afr Fam Pract (2004)
August 2025
Department of Health Studies, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
Background: Retention in care is vital for the successful management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). About 20% of clients interrupt their HIV therapy within 6 months of starting it. Lay healthcare workers complement the healthcare professionals to provide services across the HIV care continuum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Int Med Res
September 2025
Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
ObjectiveAccurate prognostication is crucial for managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to develop an improved machine learning-based prognostic model for predicting the 5-year survival rates in HIV-associated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients.MethodsWe derived and tested machine learning models using algorithms including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Random Forest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Cancer
September 2025
Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States, 1 352 294-5969.
Background: Disparities in cancer burden between transgender and cisgender individuals remain an underexplored area of research.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the cumulative incidence and associated risk factors for cancer and precancerous conditions among transgender individuals compared with matched cisgender individuals.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using patient-level electronic health record (EHR) data from the University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository between 2012 and 2023.
Am J Hematol
September 2025
Université D'angers, Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) result in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and X-linked thrombocytopenia-XLT (WAS/XLT). The clinical severity of the disease can be assessed using the WAS clinical severity score. Typically, patients with a score of 3 or less at 2 years of age are considered to have mild WAS/XLT disease.
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