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The composition and content of goat milk proteins are affected by many factors and have been extensively studied. However, variation in whey protein composition in goat milk throughout the lactation cycle has not been clarified. In the current study, 15 dairy goats were selected, and milk samples were collected at 1, 3, 30, 90, 150, and 240 d after delivery. Whey proteins were separated and digested and then identified using data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition proteomics approaches. Protein profiles identified using DIA were consistent with those of the data-dependent acquisition proteomics approach according to clustering and principal component analyses. Significant differences in the abundance of 238 proteins around the lactation cycle were identified using the DIA approach. Developmental changes of the whey proteome corresponding to lactation stage were revealed: plasminogen, α-2-macroglobulin, and fibronectin levels decreased from d 1 to 240, whereas polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, nucleobindin 2, fatty acid-binding protein 3, and lactoperoxidase increased from d 1 to 240. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that fibronectin with a higher degree of connectivity is a central node. The findings are of great significance to better understanding the potential role of specific proteins and the mechanism of protein biosynthesis or intercellular transport in the mammary glands related to the physiological changes of dairy goats.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-21800 | DOI Listing |
Food Funct
September 2025
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Sheep milk has gained increasing attention for its compositional similarity to human milk and its abundance of bioactive compounds with nutritional and therapeutic potential. It is rich in proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, immunoglobulins, and hormones, as well as peptides and oligosaccharides with antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects. Despite these benefits, the literature remains fragmented, with limited integration of data on the mechanisms by which these components influence health outcomes, and few comprehensive comparisons with other mammalian milks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Food Microbiol
September 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China. Electronic address:
Raw milk is commonly stored at 4 °C prior to processing, a practice that can facilitate psychrotrophic proliferation, and milk physicochemical alterations and quality deterioration. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes and interrelationships among microbiota, physicochemical parameters, and metabolite profiles in raw bovine and goat milk during refrigerated storage at 4 °C over a 5-day period. The results showed that both bovine and goat milk exhibited significant increases in bacterial counts, titratable acidity, zeta potential, and protein particle size, alongside decreases in pH and lipid particle size, as well as changes in color during refrigerated storage at 4 °C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
November 2025
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. Electronic address:
Goat milk is prized for its nutritional value, but the illegal addition of δ-decanolactone to enhance flavor poses risks to product integrity and safety. This study employed a tripartite multi-omics framework integrating metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, combined with FTIR and CLSM to systematically elucidate the multifaceted effects of δ-decanolactone on goat milk. Chemometric and bioinformatic pipelines identified dysregulated molecules and pathways, while molecular docking validated interactions with key targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Genet
August 2025
Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
Introduction: Identifying genetic markers associated with economically important traits in dairy goats helps enhance breeding efficiency, thereby increasing industry value. However, the potential genetic structure of key economic traits in dairy goats is still largely unknown.
Methods: This study used three genome-wide association study (GWAS) models (GLM, MLM, FarmCPU) to analyze dairy goat milk production traits (milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage, ash percentage, total dry matter, and somatic cell count).
Parasitol Int
September 2025
Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425FQB), Argentina; Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Län
The apicomplexan protozoa Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are worldwide distributed. Goat infections with these protozoans are frequent, although the relationship with milk production is unknown.
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