Protocol to generate a patient derived xenograft model of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in humanized mice.

STAR Protoc

Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Monforte de Lemos, 08029 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Published: December 2022


Category Ranking

98%

Total Visits

921

Avg Visit Duration

2 minutes

Citations

20

Article Abstract

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but preclinical models are required to understand immunotherapy resistance mechanisms underlying patient relapse. This protocol describes how to generate an acquired resistance humanized model to immunotherapies in patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We detail steps to inject human CD34 cells into NSG mice, followed by generation of immunoresistant PDX in humanized mice. This approach recapitulates the human immune system, allowing investigators to generate preclinical resistance models to different immunotherapies for identifying the resistant phenotype. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Martínez-Sabadell et al., 2022 and Arenas et al. (2021).

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9617204PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101712DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

acquired resistance
8
humanized mice
8
protocol generate
4
generate patient
4
patient derived
4
derived xenograft
4
xenograft model
4
model acquired
4
resistance
4
resistance immunotherapy
4

Similar Publications

Distribution and molecular characterization of integron classes from and isolates in Sulaymaniyah province of Iraq.

Microbiol Spectr

September 2025

Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.

Unlabelled: The environmental pollution from the misuse of antimicrobial drugs is fueling selection pressure in bacteria, thereby exacerbating the threat to global health. In Iraq, the situation is made worse by the poor implementation of the World Health Organization's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (WHO-GLASS). Consequently, this study aimed to increase surveillance of the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Diagnostic Challenges of Six-Pathogen Detected by mNGS in an Immunocompromised ICU Patient with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Infect Drug Resist

September 2025

Department of Emergency, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, People's Republic of China.

Introduction: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) in immunocompromised patients is often caused by rare atypical pathogens, which are difficult to detect using conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) and can progress to sepsis in severe cases. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), an emerging pathogen detection technique, enables rapid identification of mixed infections and provides valuable guidance for clinical treatment decisions. SCAP-induced sepsis caused by a six-pathogen co-infection has not been previously reported, but interpretation remains a challenge.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Hypervirulent Carbapenem-resistant Infection: Epidemiology, Virulence, Resistance, and Treatment.

Infect Drug Resist

September 2025

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.

In recent years, reports of hypervirulent (hv) carbapenem-resistant (CR) (Kp) (hv-CRKp) have gradually increased. hv-CRKp may emerge from hvKp acquiring mobile genetic elements carrying multiple antibiotic-resistance genes or multi-drug-resistant Kp acquiring virulence genes, with subsequent convergence of resistance and virulence. Thus, hv-CRKp simultaneously harbors resistance and virulence genes and may even show resistance to colistin and tigecycline, suggesting potential for causing severe infections and placing a serious burden on the health care system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Research status and future direction of irreversible EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer].

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi

September 2025

Department of nursing, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) are important treatments for EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the first and second generation EGFR-TKI face clinical limitations due to acquired resistance, such as the T790M mutation. Irreversible EGFR-TKI can significantly prolong the survival of patients by enhancing the inhibition of drug-resistant mutations through the covalent binding mechanism.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Severe pneumonia, as a critical and prevalent condition of the respiratory system, poses a significant threat to patient survival and health outcomes. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). There is significant divergence in the predominant pathogens between severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) and HAP/VAP.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF