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Conjoined twins are described as having been physically fused during pregnancy and delivery. They were first mentioned a long time ago when there was not much known about this. They share some organs that are vital for survival, like the heart; these twins are almost impossible to save, but there are some cases wherein there is evidence of their survival. The article aims to present a unique discussion on conjoined twins. This article talks about the formation of conjoint twins, their types and nomenclatures, embryological concepts, past history/traditional tales, case studies, and the medical enhancements happening in this area. Both fission and fusion are thought to contribute to the disease. A monozygotic twin pregnancy cleaves when it occurs more than thirteen days after fertilization. There is just one placenta and one womb for conjoined twins (one amniotic sac). The twins that are born and stay alive after delivery usually stay alive for a few days or weeks. It's pretty rare for them to live a long prosperous life, but this article shows the otherwise, too, like the Siamese twins, which is a unique example of conjoint twins who lived for a long time. This kind of pregnancy is a complex procedure that needs to be managed by a team of professionals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29526 | DOI Listing |
Twin Res Hum Genet
September 2025
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
Twin highlights from the 2025 summer meeting of the International Society for Human Ethology are reviewed. The value of observing twins in naturalistic and semi-naturalistic settings is revealed. Research reports involving twins with Feingold syndrome, twins with language delays, breastfeeding of twins, and twins with Olmsted syndrome are reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochirurgie
September 2025
Division of Paediatrics, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Introduction: Craniopagus is one of the rarest congenital abnormalities. Separation of craniopagus twin is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in total type, where the twin had shared dural venous sinuses. One of the complications after separation surgery is hydrocephalus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrology
August 2025
Division of Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Conjoined twins are the result of a rare form of abnormal embryogenesis and occur with an incidence of 1 in 100,000 live births. As each case is anatomically unique, comprehensive evaluation, thorough preparation, and a specialized multidisciplinary team are integral to the success of separation surgery. We present here a case of 15-month-old female ischiopagus tetrapus conjoined twins with cloacal anomaly who underwent separation at our institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Radiol
August 2025
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Department of Radiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 5031, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
Conjoined twins are a rare and complex anomaly of monozygotic twin gestations, in which there is joining of the bodies of two individuals. Prenatal imaging, including fetal MRI, plays a crucial role in prognostication and planning for these twins' families and multi-disciplinary medical teams. The ability of fetal MRI to provide large field-of-view imaging is well-suited to delineate the complicated shared and individual anatomy of these twins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Med Case Rep J
August 2025
Department of Anatomic, Kamil Diagnostic Center, Mogadisho, Somalia.
Background: The birth of conjoined twins is an extremely rare neonatal condition, occurring in approximately 1 in 100,000 live births. Ischiopagus, a form of conjoined twinning where the twins are joined at the pelvis, accounts for 6-11% of all conjoined twins. Ischiopagus conjoined twinning is a congenital anomaly.
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