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Herbivorous insects encounter diverse plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) in their diet, that have deterrent, anti-nutritional, or toxic properties. Understanding how they cope with PSMs is crucial to understand their biology, population dynamics, and evolution. This review summarizes current and emerging cutting-edge methods that can be used to characterize the metabolic fate of PSMs, from ingestion to excretion or sequestration. It further emphasizes a workflow that enables not only to study PSM metabolism at different scales, but also to tackle and validate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved in PSM resistance by herbivores. This review thus aims at facilitating research on PSM-mediated plant-herbivore interactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1001032 | DOI Listing |
J Anim Sci
September 2025
Centre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
It is helpful for diagnostic purposes to improve our current knowledge of gut development and serum biochemistry in young piglets. This study investigated serum biochemistry, and gut site-specific patterns of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and expression of genes related to barrier function, innate immune response, antioxidative status and sensing of fatty and bile acids in suckling and newly weaned piglets. The experiment consisted of two replicate batches with 10 litters each.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
September 2025
School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Importance: The cost-effectiveness of adding early in-bed cycling to usual physiotherapy among adults receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with usual physiotherapy alone is unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of in-bed cycling plus usual physiotherapy compared with usual therapy alone in the Critical Care Cycling to Improve Lower Extremity Strength (CYCLE) randomized clinical trial.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This trial-based economic evaluation with a 90-day time horizon compared early cycling plus usual physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy alone from a societal perspective.
Nat Prod Res
March 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
The effects of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, were investigated using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique on the function of the cloned α7 subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine (α7-nACh) receptor expressed in oocytes. Currents induced by ACh (100 μM) were reversibly potentiated by apigenin with an EC value of 5.4 µM in a voltage-independent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunct Integr Genomics
September 2025
Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene family was performed to explore the role of Gossypium hirsutumAKR40 under salt stress in cotton. A total of 249 AKR genes were identified with uneven distribution on the chromosomes in four cotton species. The diversity and evolutionary relationship of the cotton AKR gene family was identified using physio-chemical analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, conserved motif analysis, chromosomal localization, prediction of cis-acting elements, and calculation of evolutionary selection pressure under 300 mM NaCl stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Microbiol
September 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Endophytic fungi are nonpathogenic fungi that live symbiotically in the interior of healthy plant tissues and form mutualistic associations with their hosts. These fungi are critically involved in promoting plant development, strengthening plant uptake of nutrients, and improving plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Endophytic fungi improve plant growth by synthesizing phytohormones (e.
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