Effect of Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Donor Site Morbidity in Breast Reconstruction with Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap.

Background: The usefulness of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been well documented in many surgical sites, except for the donor site of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ciNPWT on microsurgical breast reconstruction using a DIEP flap.

Methods: Fifty-six cases of breast reconstruction with DIEP flap were included and divided into two groups based on post-surgical wound management: the ciNPWT group received ciNPWT at the donor site, while the conventional group received conventional wound management. The primary outcomes were the incidence of seroma, wound dehiscence, and surgical site infection, and secondary outcomes were the time to drain removal and amount of drainage. The breast reconstruction risk assessment (BRA) score was used to evaluate the comprehensive risk in each case.

Results: Among the patient and surgical characteristics, only the BRA score (P=0.02) and the time to elevate the flap (P=0.02) were significantly higher and longer in the ciNPWT group, respectively. The incidence of seroma, dehiscence, and wound infection showed no significant difference between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis of patients with body mass index ≥ 25, the primary outcomes did not differ, while the secondary outcomes were significantly lower in the ciNPWT group (drainage volume, P = 0.04; time to drain removal, P = 0.04).

Conclusion: ciNPWT can potentially reduce the incidence of donor site complications of DIEP flaps, especially if the comprehensive risk for post-surgical complications is considered.