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3-O-sulfation synthesizes sulfatide in the galactose moiety of galactosylceramide. Sulfatide is expressed in many organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, trachea, kidney, and central nervous system. Influenza A virus binds not only to glycoconjugates terminally containing sialic acid as a viral binding receptor but also to sulfatide not containing sialic acid. On the surface of infected cells, the envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin of influenza A virus interacts with sulfatide. This interaction enhances the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes, resulting in efficient progeny viruses. Inhibiting this interaction would be a new potent anti-influenza drug that suppresses the progeny virus production in the infected cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_9 | DOI Listing |
Med Sci Monit
September 2025
Departament of Virology, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
BACKGROUND The SENTINEL influenza surveillance system has been used in Poland since 2004, incorporating both epidemiological and virological monitoring of influenza viruses. SENTINEL works in cooperation with general practitioners, 16 Voivodship Sanitary Epidemiological Stations (VSES), and the National Influenza Centre (NIC). NON-SENTINEL samples are collected from places that do not participate in the SENTINEL program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
August 2025
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China. Electronic address:
Background: H1N1 influenza virus can cause diffuse alveolar damage, such as pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, when it infects the respiratory tract. Metformin not only improves chronic inflammation but also has direct anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of metformin against influenza virus in alleviating lung disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLight Sci Appl
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Conventional optical probes suffer from signal degradation in aqueous media, hindering sensitive biodetection. To overcome this, newly developed water-insensitive down-shifting nanoparticles (WINPs) possess superior photophysical properties in the NIR-I window, including high quantum yield and negligible thermal effects, permitting stable, high-contrast signal generation under low excitation power. This advantage facilitated a low-power lateral flow assay capable of highly sensitive avian influenza virus (AIV) detection in the opaque biological matrices (such as avian swabs), mitigating interference issues relying on visible-range signals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA. Electronic address:
Wastewater surveillance is increasingly an effective public health tool for responding to epidemics and preparing for annual cycles of respiratory illnesses. We measured genetic markers from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV) in untreated wastewater of a university campus and its local residential community over a four-year period using digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. These data were then analyzed and compared to clinical case data reported to the state by zip code.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Vet Med
September 2025
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States. Electronic address:
Pooling samples allows for efficient and cost-effective surveillance of endemic pathogens, enabling broader testing coverage and reducing diagnostic costs. Pooling swine samples for influenza A virus surveillance without negatively impacting sensitivity would depend on the sample type, cycle threshold (Ct value), and dilution level. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the probability of IAV reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) detection at different pooling levels in family oral fluids, udder wipes, and nasal wipes obtained from an endemic swine breeding herd.
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