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Dysregulation of protein prenylation has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prenylomic analysis, the combination of metabolic incorporation of an isoprenoid analogue (C15AlkOPP) into prenylated proteins with a bottom-up proteomic analysis, has allowed the identification of prenylated proteins in various cellular models. Here, transgenic AD mice were administered with C15AlkOPP through intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion over 13 days. Using prenylomic analysis, 36 prenylated proteins were enriched in the brains of AD mice. Importantly, the prenylated forms of 15 proteins were consistently upregulated in AD mice compared to nontransgenic wild-type controls. These results highlight the power of this in vivo metabolic labeling approach to identify multiple post-translationally modified proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for a disease that has proved refractory to treatment thus far. Moreover, this method should be applicable to many other types of protein modifications, significantly broadening its scope.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.2c00486 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. Electronic address:
Protein prenylation is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification encompassing farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. This modification is fundamental to the precise regulation of protein localization, activity, and stability, thereby underpinning critical cellular functions. Aberrant prenylation is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and influences a spectrum of pathological mechanisms in a complex manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalyst
August 2025
Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
Long-chain -acylation is the addition of long-chain fatty acids to cysteine residues on proteins. This lipid modification is essential for protein membrane association and signalling but presents analytical challenges due to both its hydrophobicity and the labile nature of thioester bonds. We developed and optimised a bottom-up mass spectrometry workflow tailored for the detection of long-chain -acylated peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO Mol Med
August 2025
VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a non-sterol intermediate of the mevalonate pathway, serves as the substrate for protein geranylgeranylation, a process catalyzed by geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase-I). Myeloid-specific deletion of Pggt1b, the gene coding for GGTase-I, leads to spontaneous and severe erosive arthritis in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that arthritis in mice with myeloid-specific Pggt1b deficiency is driven by unprenylated GTP-bound small RHO family GTPases, which in turn trigger Pyrin (Mefv) inflammasome activation, GSDMD-dependent macrophage pyroptosis, and IL-1β secretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Soc Trans
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, U.S.A.
Prenyltransferases catalyze the attachment of isoprenoids to cysteine residues located near the C-termini of proteins including those containing a 'CaaX' tetrapeptide motif. This enzyme family includes farnesyl transferase (FTase), geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase I), and GGTase type II (GGTase II). The CaaX motif broadly consists of cysteine (C), two aliphatic residues (a), and a variable residue (X), which determines substrate specificity for farnesylation and type I geranylgeranylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
August 2025
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Diverse microbial metabolic mechanisms help maintain the environmental dynamics of natural compounds in biogeochemical cycles. This study revealed the bacterial mechanism for degrading pterin and lumazine compounds, which are natural cofactors and pigments. The bacterial isolate Cupriavidus sp.
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