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Photoperiod has well been established to regulate testicular activities in golden hamsters. These animals breed actively around summer but become infertile in winter. In males, testicles are full of multistep germ cells including spermatozoa in summer. But in winter only fundamental cells consisting of the testicles are detected. The testicular degeneration is accompanied by the reduced levels of blood gonadotropins and testosterone. In this study, the expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes were investigated in the reproductive active and inactive testicles. And parts of sequences of the gonadotropin subunits were identified and compared with those of other rodents. As results, common gonadotropin alpha (CGa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β, and luteinizing hormone (LH) β genes were equivalently detected in pituitaries of both sexually active and inactive animals. In considering low concentrations of gonadotropin hormones determined in pituitary, the present findings imply that the processes involved in translation and/or formation of functional hormones could be impeded in the sexually inactive hamsters. All the nucleotide sequences of gonadotropin subunits identified in this study were same as those reported previously except for one base in CGa. An unsure amino acid deduced from the CGa sequence was confirmed from mRNA sequencing. The outcomes mentioned above suggest that animals with regressed testes prepare for the sexually active period forthcoming in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.12717/DR.2022.26.2.37 | DOI Listing |
Theriogenology
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address:
Small antral follicles frequently undergo atresia due to inadequate gonadotropin support, characterized by reduced estrogen synthesis and granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. The role of estrogen in regulating GC apoptosis during follicular atresia remains incompletely defined. Caprine small antral follicles (1-2 mm) were isolated and cultured in vitro under serum- and gonadotropin-free conditions to induce atresia, with or without 17β-estradiol (E) supplementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Rev Rep
September 2025
Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program (STEMM), Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
Mutations in Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1), a paternally expressed imprinted gene, underlie central precocious puberty (CPP), yet the mechanism remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that DLK1 plays a role in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron ontogeny, 75 base pairs were deleted in both alleles of DLK1 exon 3 with CRISPR-Cas9 in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This line, exhibiting More than 80% loss of DLK1 protein, was differentiated into GnRH neurons by dual SMAD inhibition (dSMADi), FGF8 treatment and Notch inhibition, as previously described, however, it did not exhibit accelerated GNRH1 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointest Cancer
September 2025
Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Center, University of Iowa Health Care Medical Center, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Purpose: Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare subtype of gallbladder malignancy, comprising only 1-4% of cases. Ectopic expression of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) has been described in various epithelial cancers and is associated with aggressive behavior. We report the first known case of gallbladder SCC with diffuse β-hCG expression and markedly elevated serum β-hCG levels, aiming to explore its clinicopathological implications and potential as a prognostic biomarker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. Bile acids have emerged as pivotal signaling molecules in both metabolic and reproductive disorders, but remain unexplored in the early onset of puberty in children. Herein, we find elevated levels of muricholic acid (MCA) species in the serum of girls with central precocious puberty, which strongly correlate with indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation and can reach peak levels during puberty among healthy children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Reprod Open
August 2025
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Study Question: What is the effect of hCG on the epigenetic profile and the expression of other molecular factors in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)?
Summary Answer: Our findings suggest that hCG treatment alters the molecular environment of decidualized ESCs, potentially influencing implantation and immune regulation through epigenetic modifications and changes in the levels of secreted proteins and micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs).
What Is Known Already: Embryo implantation depends not only on the quality of the embryo but also on the receptivity of the endometrium, the specialized lining of the uterus that undergoes dynamic changes to support pregnancy. Effective communication between the maternal and fetal compartments, facilitated by molecular signals and cellular interactions, is essential for successful implantation.