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The sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels from non-fossil carbon sources is considered key to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Clostridium sp. can convert various substrates, including the 1st-generation (biomass crops), the 2nd-generation (lignocellulosic biomass), and the 3rd-generation (C1 gases) feedstocks, into high-value products, which makes Clostridia attractive for biorefinery applications. However, the complexity of lignocellulosic catabolism and C1 gas utilization make it difficult to construct efficient production routes. Accordingly, this review highlights the advances in the development of three generations of feedstocks with Clostridia as cell factories. At the same time, more attention was given to using agro-industrial wastes (lignocelluloses and C1 gases) as the feedstocks, for which metabolic and process engineering efforts were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the challenges of using agro-industrial wastes are also discussed. Lastly, several new synthetic biology tools and regulatory strategies are emphasized as promising technologies to be developed to address the aforementioned challenges in Clostridia and realize the efficient utilization of agro-industrial wastes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127656 | DOI Listing |
Food Res Int
November 2025
Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:
The hydrolysis of biomass in fermentative processes often faces the difficulty of generating inhibitory products. Its reduction or removal is essential to enable the use of agro-industrial waste, such as cashew apple bagasse. Therefore, this study aimed to find an optimized condition for the hydrolysis of cashew apple bagasse by subcritical water and to introduce an in-line pre-purification process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
September 2025
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum─University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna 40126, Italy.
Innovative, sustainable therapies are urgently needed for neglected vector-borne parasitic diseases. In this study, we leveraged cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), an agro-industrial byproduct, to develop biobased phosphonium and ammonium salts (-) targeting parasite mitochondria. By combining CNSL-derived C8 alkyl chains with lipophilic cations, we synthesized novel compounds exhibiting highly potent and activity against and spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt. Electronic address:
The growing demand for sustainable agriculture imposes innovative biocontrol strategies to mitigate phytopathogen threats while reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. This review explores the current knowledge on enzyme-based biocontrol, focusing on hydrolytic enzymes (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
To fulfill the global demand for sustainable livestock production and the implementation of circular economy models, the search for alternative feed sources to lower production cost has increased significantly. The use of agro-industrial waste has proven to be a low-cost strategy for animal feed. The present study evaluates the use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus ostreatus (strain Po-IAP) and Lentinula edodes (strain L5) as an ingredient for silage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Technol
September 2025
Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address:
To address the dual challenges of sustainable energy production and agro-industrial waste management, this study presents a novel two-stage biorefinery strategy for the valorization of dairy farm effluent (DFE) using Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae KKU-NM3/1-2. In Stage 1, an active hydrogen-producing culture was developed using low-cost carbon sources; vinegar was identified as the most cost-effective substrate, yielding 559 mL H/L at 87 % purity and a 7.4-fold cost advantage.
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