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Agonism of the apelin receptor (APJ) has demonstrated beneficial effects in models of heart failure. We have previously disclosed compounds such as 4, which showed good APJ agonist activity but were metabolized to the mono-demethylated, non-interconverting atropisomer metabolites. Herein, we detail the design and optimization of a novel series of N-linked APJ agonists with good potency, metabolic stability, and rat pharmacokinetic profile, which are unable to undergo the same metabolic mono-demethylation cleavage.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128882 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-apelinergic system (RAAAS) offers important targets for highly effective therapies in multiple diseases. RAAAS is comprised of important G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as MAS receptor, MAS-related GPCR member D (MrgD), angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor, angiotensin II type 1 (AT) receptor and apelin receptor: angiotensin II protein J (APJ). Within RAAAS, further characterization of direct target binding of various frequently used compounds, including presumed MAS receptor antagonists and APJ peptide-antagonists, is urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFASEB J
June 2025
Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
ELABELA (ELA) has been identified as a potential cardiovascular protective factor. However, the source of endogenous ELA and its molecular mechanism in myocardial fibrosis inhibition remain incompletely understood. Herein, we found that aerobic exercise significantly improved renal apoptosis caused by MI, inhibited inflammation, attenuated structural damage, enhanced renal function, and increased expression and secretion levels of renal ELA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Metab
August 2025
Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address:
Objectives: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most druggable targets in biology due to their cell-type specificity, ligand binding, and cell surface accessibility. Underscoring this, agonists for GPCRs have recently revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and obesity. The rampant success of these compounds has invigorated interest in identifying additional GPCRs that modulate appetite and body weight homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
March 2025
Institute of Pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
Apelin serves as the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor and enhances cardiac contractility without significantly affecting potassium currents. However, its short in vivo half-life limits clinical application, prompting the development of metabolically stable APJ receptor agonists. This study employed the patch-clamp technique to investigate the effects of the C-terminally modified apelin-13-2Nal derivative (2Nal) on action potential dynamics, rapid sodium (I), and transient potassium (I) currents in rat cardiomyocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
March 2025
Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Angiotensin II protein J receptor, APJ, is a type A G protein coupled receptor. Endogenous apelin and elabela peptides stimulate APJ via distinct signalling profiles. A complex signalling map of elabela-stimulated APJ was published in 2022.
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