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Currently, the world has been facing the brunt of a pandemic due to a disease called COVID-19 for the last 2 years. To study the spread of such infectious diseases it is important to not only understand their temporal evolution but also the spatial evolution. In this work, the spread of this disease has been studied with a cellular automata (CA) model to find the temporal and the spatial behavior of it. Here, we have proposed a neighborhood criteria which will help us to measure the social confinement at the time of the disease spread. The two main parameters of our model are (i) disease transmission probability () which helps us to measure the infectivity of a disease and (ii) exponent () which helps us to measure the degree of the social confinement. Here, we have studied various spatial growths of the disease by simulating this CA model. Finally we have tried to fit our model with the COVID-19 data of India for various waves and have attempted to match our model predictions with regards to each wave to see how the different parameters vary with respect to infectivity and restrictions in social interaction.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00619-1 | DOI Listing |
Regen Biomater
August 2025
Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
The most significant challenge facing magnesium alloy stents is their ability to withstand complex deformation during their application. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of stent deformation on the protective capabilities of the coating, this paper presents an amplified stent deformation model. The models were coated with either a low elongation material-Poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) or a high elongation material-Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), followed by the application of a rapamycin-loaded PLGA as drug-eluting layer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtif Life
September 2025
Sakana AI.
With the recent Nobel Prize awarded for radical advances in protein discovery, foundation models (FMs) for exploring large combinatorial spaces promise to revolutionize many scientific fields. Artificial Life (ALife) has not yet integrated FMs, thus presenting a major opportunity for the field to alleviate the historical burden of relying chiefly on manual design and trial and error to discover the configurations of lifelike simulations. This article presents, for the first time, a successful realization of this opportunity using vision-language FMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
September 2025
Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
A biofilm is a community of microorganisms adhered to a surface, bound together by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They are ubiquitous in nature and develop on a range of surfaces including living tissue. Biofilms themselves typically do not negatively affect their host, but under certain conditions they can retain pathogenic features and cause a wide range of illnesses including persistent or chronic infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2025
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
Effective management of water quantity and quality in reservoir systems is vital for strengthening regional water security. Selective Withdrawal Systems (SWSs) contribute to this goal by allowing the precise extraction of water from specific layers in stratified reservoirs, where water quality and other properties differ across depths. Climate change and management policies further influence the hydrodynamics of SWSs, significantly impacting reservoir water quantity and quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
August 2025
Department of Agronomic Sciences, University of Biskra, BP 145 RP, 07000, Biskra, Algeria.
Over the past decades, the Ghouts-as an oasis system recognized by the FAO as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System-have experienced significant degradation caused by climate change and water overexploitation. This degradation has serious socio-economic consequences: it threatens food security and the primary sources of livelihood for the local population, increasing their overall vulnerability. Studies have focused on the driving factors behind drought phenomena and water and soil-related constraints without establishing a clear link between these factors and the Ghouts degradation.
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