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Present-day known predominance of the - over the -anomers in nucleosides and nucleotides emerges from a thermodynamic analysis of their assembly from their components, bases, sugars, and a phosphate group. Furthermore, the incorporation of uracil into RNA and thymine into DNA rather than the other way around is also predicted from the calculations. An interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics must have driven evolutionary selection of life's building blocks. In this work, based on quantum chemical calculations, we focus on the latter control as a tool for "natural selection".
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09657 | DOI Listing |
Food Funct
September 2025
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
To determine the fermentation capacity of gut microbiomes with diverse plant carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) repertoires, we collected fecal samples from 18 healthy adults who reported consuming at least 5 different fruits and vegetables daily and conducted shotgun metagenome analysis. Five fecal samples with the most diverse CAZymes were then fermented with 7 different fibers selected for their unique monosaccharide profiles-banana, kale,13-bean soup, flax, coconut flour, MS Prebiotic (resistant starch) and Sunfiber (guar gum)-for 72 hours. Samples were collected at 4 timepoints for 16S sequencing, and pH, SCFAs, and monosaccharide measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Nutr Food Res
September 2025
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and mycotoxins, cause various adverse health effects linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. These toxicities disrupt gut microbiota composition and function, which prebiotics and probiotics may counteract. This study systematically reviewed the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and commensal gut microbiota on pollutant-induced toxicities in animal models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
July 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a natural polysaccharide polymer. It is degraded by gut microbiota-derived β-mannanase into small-molecule nutrients, which exert diverse physiological regulatory effects. As a prebiotic, KGM modulates gut microbiota composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Pharmacol
October 2025
Department of Psychology.
Pre- and probiotics promote a diverse and functional gut microbiota and have demonstrated both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects; however, how synbiotic diet interacts with antidepressant medications has not been fully investigated. This study sought to evaluate the potential anxiolytic or antidepressant effects of a synbiotic diet in an avian model that presents homologies with treatment-resistant depression. In addition, we sought to evaluate the potential interaction of a synbiotic diet combined with select doses of ketamine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
August 2025
McGill University, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada. Electronic address:
This study focuses on the application of levansucrases (LS, EC 2.4.1.
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