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Optical superposition natural compound eyes (OSNCEs) allow circadian insects to thrive in varying light conditions thanks to their unique anatomical structures. This provides a blueprint for optical superposition artificial compound eyes (OSACEs) that can adapt to different illumination intensities. However, OSACEs have received limited research attention until recently, with most studies focusing on apposition compound eyes that operate only in bright light.

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Robust mode-locking in all-fiber ultrafast laser by nanocavity of two-dimensional heterostructure.

Light Sci Appl

September 2025

State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.

The fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) that enables mode-locking within a ring cavity serves as the core component of the ultrafast all-fiber lasers. However, the integration of SAs onto fibers with high compactness suffers from imbalanced saturable absorption properties and unstable mode-locking performance. Here, we present a robust mode-locking SA by integrating a nanocavity composed of a two-dimensional graphene heterostructure on the fiber end facet.

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The field of computationally controlled light faces a strong demand for new platforms capable of providing adaptable light generation to meet the requirements of advanced photonic technologies. Here, we present the concept of computationally optimized nonlinear frequency conversion in programmable liquid-core fibers that enables real-time tunable and reconfigurable nonlinear power distribution through computationally optimized dispersion landscapes. The concept combines a temperature-sensitive mode in a liquid-core fiber, particle swarm optimization, fission of ultra-fast solitons, and a computer-controlled heating array to create a feedback loop for controlling output spectra via local temperature-induced dispersion modulation.

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Self-similar evolution has garnered significant attention in the field of high-power ultrafast fiber lasers due to its unique characteristics, such as wave-breaking suppression and quasi-linear chirp properties. Here, we demonstrate the spatiotemporal similariton generation in an all-fiber laser system through dual-function spectral-spatial filtering enabled by a commercial single-mode fiber filter. The system delivers similaritons centered at 1066 nm with M≈2.

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Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) in multi-mode fibers provides a novel approach, to our knowledge. to overcoming the power limitations of conventional single-mode lasers. However, the existing spatial filtering-based STML schemes are limited by the number of locked transverse modes, which severely constrains the power enhancement.

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