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BackgroundRAY1216 is an alpha-ketoamide-based peptide inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) major protease (M). This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [C]-labelled RAY1216 by oral administration.Research design and methodsThis phase Ι study was designed to assess the pharmacokinetics, mass balance and metabolic pathways in 6 healthy Chinese adult men after a single fasting oral administration of 240 mL (containing 400 mg/100 μCi) [C] RAY1216.

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Serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) are involved in various physiological processes and diseases, such as inflammation, cancer metastasis, and neurodegeneration. Their role in viral infections is poorly understood, as their expression patterns during infection and the range of proteases they target have yet to be fully characterized. Here, we show widespread expression of human SERPINs in response to respiratory virus infections, both in bronchioalveolar lavages from COVID-19 patients and in polarized human airway epithelial cultures.

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spurred global efforts to develop therapeutic approaches. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for viral replication and a key target for therapeutic development. In this study, 22 thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized.

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Erythrodontium julaceum, Marchantia polymorpha, and Plagiochila bantamensis are widely distributed bryophytes in Vietnam. However, comprehensive chemical and biological data on their composition remain limited. Bio-guided isolation based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) M inhibition was applied to these species, resulting in the identification of 23 metabolites.

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Coronavirus, a large family of positive-sense RNA viruses, are responsible for both mild and severe respiratory illnesses, ranging from the common cold to life-threatening conditions. Despite significant advances in vaccine and antiviral development, the high mutability of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), such as SARS-CoV-2, presents a major challenge in treating these infections. Effective, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to address both current and future HCoV outbreaks.

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