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Article Abstract
Purpose: To rapidly obtain high resolution T , T *, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) source separation maps with whole-brain coverage and high geometric fidelity.
Methods: We propose Blip Up-Down Acquisition for Spin And Gradient Echo imaging (BUDA-SAGE), an efficient EPI sequence for quantitative mapping. The acquisition includes multiple T *-, T '-, and T -weighted contrasts. We alternate the phase-encoding polarities across the interleaved shots in this multi-shot navigator-free acquisition. A field map estimated from interim reconstructions was incorporated into the joint multi-shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to eliminate distortion. A self-supervised neural network (NN), MR-Self2Self (MR-S2S), was used to perform denoising to boost SNR. Using Slider encoding allowed us to reach 1 mm isotropic resolution by performing super-resolution reconstruction on volumes acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Quantitative T (=1/R ) and T * (=1/R *) maps were obtained using Bloch dictionary matching on the reconstructed echoes. QSM was estimated using nonlinear dipole inversion on the gradient echoes. Starting from the estimated R /R * maps, R ' information was derived and used in source separation QSM reconstruction, which provided additional para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps.
Results: In vivo results demonstrate the ability of BUDA-SAGE to provide whole-brain, distortion-free, high-resolution, multi-contrast images and quantitative T /T * maps, as well as yielding para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps. Estimated quantitative maps showed comparable values to conventional mapping methods in phantom and in vivo measurements.
Conclusion: BUDA-SAGE acquisition with self-supervised denoising and Slider encoding enables rapid, distortion-free, whole-brain T /T * mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution under 90 s.
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Article Synopsis
- The study presents a new imaging technique called BUDA-SAGE, which efficiently captures high-resolution T, T*, and QSM maps across the entire brain in a short time.
- This method uses innovative imaging strategies, including alternating phase-encoding, structured low-rank constraints, and self-supervised neural networks to enhance image quality and reduce noise.
- Results from in vivo tests show that BUDA-SAGE achieves distortion-free images and comparable quantitative mapping accuracy to traditional methods, all within 90 seconds at 1 mm resolution.