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The manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons plays a pivotal role in plasmonic science and technology, however, the modulation efficiency of the traditional method suffers from the weak light-matter interaction. Herein, we propose a new method to overcome this obstacle by directly controlling the couple of photon and electron. In this paper, a hybrid graphene-dielectric- interdigital electrode structure is numerically and experimentally investigated. The plasmon is excited due to the confined carrier which is regulated by the potential wells. The frequency of plasmon can be tuned over a range of ~ 33 cm, and the obtained maximum extinction ratio is 8% via changing the confined area and the density of carrier. These findings may open up a new path to design the high efficiency all-optical modulator because the electrons can also be driven optically.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09176-y | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
September 2025
Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Importance: Exposure to inflammation from chorioamnionitis places the fetus at higher risk of premature birth and may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, though the evidence for the latter is mixed.
Objective: To evaluate whether moderate to severe histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is directly associated with adverse motor performance, independent of the indirect mediating effects of premature birth.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, population-based cohort study recruited participants between September 16, 2016, and November 19, 2019, from referral and nonreferral neonatal intensive care units of 5 southwestern Ohio hospitals.
J Behav Med
September 2025
Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
Randomized pretest, posttest, follow-up (RPPF) designs are widely used in longitudinal behavioral intervention research to evaluate the efficacy of treatments over time. These designs typically involve random assignment of participants to treatment and control conditions, with assessments conducted at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and during the follow-up period. Researchers primarily focus on determining whether the intervention is more effective than the control condition at post-treatment and whether these effects are sustained or change over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnesthesiology
October 2025
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Despite the widespread use of clinical anesthesia, the process of emergence from general anesthesia remains primarily driven by anesthetic elimination. Although emergence from general anesthesia is typically safe, prolonged delays strain resource-intensive settings and contribute to increased healthcare costs. In addition to improving access to care, providing clinicians with more precise control over emergence could offer diagnostic potential and improve patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG Ital Nefrol
August 2025
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100, Enna, Italy.
Hyperkalemia is a common and serious complication in dialysis patients, with increased incidence and severity over time. Newer potassium binders, patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), offer improved tolerability compared to older agents. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these newer binders in dialysis patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
September 2025
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
The development of the microstructure during polymeric spinodal decomposition can be monitored in real time using small-angle scattering. Information about the microstructure can be deduced from measurements of the structure factor-a quantity directly proportional to the scattered intensity. While the time evolution of the structure factor can be measured relatively easily, modeling it has proved to be much more difficult.
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